eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
1
10
10.21608/ejbo.2017.1747.1122
5168
New Approaches for Reducing the Cost of the Synthetic Seeds Storage Using Sugarcane Bagasse and Different Additives to the Gel Matrix for Sugarcane Plant: In vitro
Awatef Badrelden
awatef.badrelden@gebri.usc.edu.eg
1
Plant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
SUGARCANE (Saccharum officinarum L.) is a perennial monocot plant, the major source of sugar and an important cash crop in the world. The plant does not produce seeds in Egypt and mostly produced through vegetative propagation. Hence, it is necessary to propagate this plant through in vitro culture for large scale production, which can be used commercially for germplasm conservation using synthetic seeds. New supporting material like sugarcane bagasse reducing the cost of synthetic seeds storage and different additive to the gel matrix were used. In vitro production and conservation of synthetic seed in sugarcane plant were studied. Encapsulation is a method for micro- shoots coating using Na-alginate for synthetic seeds conservation. The developed protocol in this study is a simple and effective tool for mass propagation, storage of synthetic seeds and minimize the production cost as well. Maximum shoots proliferation was observed on MS medium containing 1mg/l BA and 0.8mg/l NAA. Sodium alginate was very effective for the formation of uniform and firm capsules at the concentration 4% (w/v) sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride. The highest germination rate of synthetic seeds was recorded at 20 or 25 g/l sucrose in the gel matrix. The synthetic seeds with synthetic endosperm consist of MS medium supplemented with, ABA at (1.00 or 1.25 mg/l) gave the lowest regrowth of synthetic seeds (1.66%) with high viability and the ability to regrowth when they transferred to the natural environmental conditions. Maximum regrowth and low storage cost of synthetic seeds were obtained with MS medium supplemented with sugarcane bagasse compared with those grown on agar-gelled media.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5168_2f3913c2d70d6a019aa587b3a90fd465.pdf
artificial seeds
In vitro
Sugarcane
Sugarcane bagasse
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
11
22
10.21608/ejbo.2017.1506.1118
5170
Phenotypic and Genotypic Investigation of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococci Species Isolated from Children with Sepsis in Egypt
Yehia A. Al Zawahry
elzawa_yahia@yahoo.com
1
Seham Abdel-Shafi
hegazyseham@yahoo.com
2
Maysaa Zaki
may_s65@hotmail.com
3
Heba El-Serwy
hebaelserwy@yahoo.com
4
Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, El Sharqia, Egypt
Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, El Sharqia, Egypt
Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicin, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, El Sharqia, Egypt
S TAPHYLOCOCCUS spp. has emerged as a major cause of sepsis. Methicillin resistance is a pattern of resistance which hinders the management of such infection. The aims of the present study were to isolate Staphylococci spp. from children with clinical signs and symptoms of sepsis at Mansoura University Children Hospital (MUCH), Egypt. Then to detect methicillin resistance Staphylococci (MRS) using primary screening test followed by molecular typing of the methicillin resistant Staphylococci isolates by multiplex PCR. MRS sepsis was diagnosed in a total 100 patient from February 2015, till February, 2016. 18 (18%) of isolates were identified as S. aureus and 82 (82%) of Staphylococci spp. were identified as coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS). S. hominis subsp. hominis was the commonest species of CoNS (32/ 82, 39%), followed by S. sciuri (9/82, 11%). the rate of Oxacillin resistance among all isolated Staphylococci strains was (100%) in both S. aureus and CoNS isolates.Among the 50 selected resistance species for multiplex PCR there 27 (54%) species had a single gene SCCmec type I or SCCmec type (II or III). While 13 (26%) isolates had both two genes (SCCmec type I + II or III) and 10 (2%) had no SCCmec genes. The spectrum of children with sepsis at Mansoura University Children Hospital (MUCH), confirmed the importance of pathogens such as Staphylococcus spp. Similar to other studies from the developing countries, CoNS species were the most common isolated pathogens in children with sepsis.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5170_fbfa0cc1d3140a530d7618105da50f15.pdf
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci
Methicillin resistant Staphylococci
Mansoura University Children Hospital
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
23
36
10.21608/ejbo.2017.1597.1119
5169
Differential Effects of Some Ascorbates on Phaseolus vulgaris L. In Response to Salinity Stress
Badr-eldin Hamed
badreldinahamed@yahoo.com
1
Hamada AbdElgawad
2
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
THIS study aimed to investigate the differential impact of potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) ascorbate on physiological and biochemical responses of Phaseolus vulgaris to salt stress. To understand these differential responses, Phaseolus vulgaris seeds were soaked in a single or mixture (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) of K-ascorbate: Ca-ascorbate and then subjected to salt stress (100 mM). In general, salt stress reduced plant growth, inhibited photosynthesis, respiration and stomatal conductance and induced oxidative stress. The antioxidant defense system (e.g., total phenol, proline and antioxidant enzymes) increased as a consequence of salt stress. Ascorbate pretreatment generally reduced stress, in particular at the level of oxidative stress parameters, where it decreased lipid peroxidation. In contrast, the pretreatment of seeds with ascorbate mitigate salinity stress at the growth and oxidative stress levels. Comparing the two ascorbate salts it was found that during stress, Ca-ascorbate increased growth, photosynthesis and antioxidants more than K-ascorbate. Where 1:2 (K-ascorbate: Ca-ascorbate) ratio showed the highest stress mitigation effect. These specific responses were also identified and supported by Principal Component Analysis (PCA).
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5169_9077edcc57ffc48046d28a8ae47a19ee.pdf
ascorbic acid
Phaseolus vulgaris
salinity
Photosynthesis
Transpiration
Oxidative Stress
antioxidant
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
37
49
10.21608/ejbo.2017.1049.1093
5174
Genetic Characterization and Relationships among Egyptian Lentil Cultivars as Revealed By Biochemical and Molecular Markers
Hala Mahfouz
hala.mahfouz@yahoo.com
1
Walaa Rayan
2
Unit of Plant Genetics, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Unit of Plant Genetics, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
LENTIL (Lens culinaris Medikus) is an important seed legume crop cultivated worldwide as human food. Little is known about the molecular structure of the Egyptian lentil. Inter-varietal variation and cultivar identification are crucial for breeding and gene bank conservation of this plant worldwide. The SDS–PAGE and SRAP-PCR techniques were used to detect some biochemical and molecular markers of six Egyptian lentil genotypes (Sinai 1, Line 9, Giza 1, Giza 4, Giza 51 and Giza 370). The genetic distance between cultivars was also estimated from banding patterns. The results of SDS-PAGE revealed a total of 21 bands with molecular weight ranging from about to 6-102 KD. The maximum number of bands (14) appeared in Giza 4, while the minimum number of bands (10) appeared in Giza 1. Electrophoresis analysis among six lentil cultivars showed 80.95% polymorphism, while DNA variations were explored using ten combinations of SRAP markers. SRAP analysis among six lentil cultivars showed 61.54% polymorphism. The highest similarity index (0.869) was found between Giza 51and Giza 370. The lowest similarity index (0.603) was found between Giza 1 and Giza 4. The markers used in this study created polymorphic bands among the different cultivars that can be utilized as molecular markers for their differentiation. The obtained data indicated that SRAP and SDS-PAGE systems can efficiently identify and differentiate between the selected cultivars. Also these results, enhancing the available knowledge of lentil genetic resources in Egypt, may contribute to their conservation and utilization in breeding programs.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5174_68dc7f80725c8d12bbfa2a7002943b2e.pdf
Egyptian lentil
Genetic diversity
phylogenetic tree
SDS–PAGE
SRAP marker
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
51
61
10.21608/ejbo.2017.1793.1125
5167
New Pottiaceae Records to the Moss Flora of Libya
Said Youssef
msmyes68@yahoo.com
1
Manal Khalil
manalibrahim2000@yahoo.com
2
Hanaa Shabbara
shabbarah@yahoo.com
3
Wagieh El-Saadawi
wagelsaadawi@yahoo.com
4
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
POTTIACEAE includes up to 5,311 species worldwide. It is the largest moss family in Libya with 41 out of a total of 98 species known from this country. Most of the species are quite old records based on collections published before 1932. In this recent work 20 Pottiaceae mosses are reported from Libya including two new records namely; Microbryum rectum (With.) R.H.Zander and Weissia controversa var. crispata (Nees and Hornsch.) Nyholm. Descriptions and illustrations of the two new records together with geographic distribution and brief comments on all taxa are given.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5167_6c3981933a0e4585cf38d5278dabea5f.pdf
Pottiaceae
Mosses
Al-Jabal Al- Akhdar
Beida
Zawya Al-Qadima
Libya
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
63
72
10.21608/ejbo.2017.1838.1127
5166
Cretaceous Algal Palynomorphs from Northeast Sinai, Egypt: Systematics and Paleoenvironmental Implications
Zainab El-Noamani
zainabelnoamani@yahoo.com
1
Amal Saleh
amalsaleh77@hotmail.com
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
THE microalgal palynomorphs considered one of the main categories of non-pollen palynomorphs recognized in palynological slides which characterized by their potential paleoecological and stratigraphical values especially in the pre-Quaternary deposits. For this importance, four subsurface cutting samples recovered from two Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian and Turonian) geological units in Bougaz-1 well, northeast Sinai have been palynologically analyzed in order to study their algal content. Seven species of algae related to four genera from two divisions have been described and illustrated: Pediastrum boryanum, P. duplex, P. kawraiskyi, P. simplex, Scenedesmus acuminatus, and Chomotriletes minor (Chlorophyta); and Pterospermella sp. (Prasinophyta). Of these, two species (Pediastrum kawraiskyi and Scenedesmus acuminatus) are recorded for the first time from the Cretaceous of Egypt. Notes on the stratigraphic range and the geographical distribution of the most important recorded genera are given. The cell wall nature and its role in resistance to degradation are also discussed. The ecology of extant taxa has been used to determine the paleoenvironment and paleoecology prevailed in the studied area during the Cretaceous period.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5166_f86e40ea0360976090fff7670585b02f.pdf
Chlorophycean algae
Cretaceous
Egypt
Non-pollen palynomorphs
Paleoecology
Palynology
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
73
85
10.21608/ejbo.2017.1873.1128
5165
The Role of Priming with Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles in the Response of Triticum aestivum L to Salt Stress
Hanan Abou-Zeid
hananmahmoud93@yahoo.com
1
Ghada Ismail
ghada5f@yahoo.com
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
T HE PRESENT study investigated the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Capparis spinosa extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The shape and size of the biosynthesized AgNPs were studied using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The study also investigated whether the biosynthesized AgNPs (as a priming agent; 1 mg L-1) has a role in the alleviation of the salt-induced toxicity of germinating Triticum aestivum L. grains grown under salt stress (25 and 100 mM NaCl). Generally, AgNPs priming stimulate the germination and growth of wheat grains. In addition, it affects the plant phytohormones balance by stimulating indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) contents and reducing abscicic acid (ABA) content. Slat stress had an inhibitory effect on wheat seedling as evident by a significant decrease in GP, growth index, pigment contents and chlorophyll stability index (CSI), auxins and cytokinins contents and a marked increase in ABA content particularly at 100 mM NaCl. All these parameters were markedly improved by AgNPs priming notably growth parameters and photosynthetic efficiency as well phtyohormones balance suggesting that AgNPs priming might has a role in the improvement of plant tolerance against environmental stresses such as salinity.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5165_91ea1b4f6c93ad36d909e4bea44b40f5.pdf
Green synthesis
salinity
silver nanoparticles
priming
Wheat
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
87
95
10.21608/ejbo.2018.1907.1137
5164
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano Chitosan NPK Fertilizer on the Chemical Composition of Wheat Grains
Heba Abdel-Aziz
hebammabdelaziz@mans.edu.eg
1
Mohammed Nagib Hasaneen
mohammednagib@mans.edu.eg
2
Aya Omar
drayaomar@yahoo.com
3
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
IN THIS paper we investigated the effect of foliar application of nano chitosan NPK fertilizer on the chemical composition of wheat grains. Foliar application of nanofertilizers showed a significant increase in total saccharide content of wheat grains grown on clay- sandy, clay and sandy soils. The magnitude of increase was most pronounced in the grains of nanofertilizered plants than in normal fertilized wheat plants, particularly at 10% nanofertilizer. As compared with control, treatment of wheat plants with increasing levels of either normal or nanofertilizer induced significant decrease in protein content and nitrogen content of the wheat grains. Treatment of wheat plants with nanofertilizers significantly increased the element content, especially potassium and phosphorus contents in the wheat grains. The magnitude of increase was most pronounced at clay-sandy soil, followed by clay soil and finally sandy soil. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms by which nano fertilizers improve the quality of wheat grains.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5164_3c5124d3ed1fd2f8e34bfdbdf4c76c8a.pdf
nanofertilizer
Wheat
Nanochitosan
carbohydrate
protein
elements
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
97
107
10.21608/ejbo.2018.1015.1088
5175
Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Different Varieties of Locally Produced Egyptian Honey
Aliaa ElBorai
aliaa_elborai2007@yahoo.com
1
Ghada Youssef
2
Doaa Ghareeb
3
Mai Abdel-Tawab
4
Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut
Botany & Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
THE PRESENT study investigated the physicochemical, antioxidant, and microbiological properties of six types of honey obtained from Alexandria, Egypt. Physicochemical properties showed that optical density in the tested honey samples ranged from 0.50 to 1.65, while the pH was in the acidic range. Moisture contents and electrical conductivity in honey samples ranged from 0.5 to 0.64, and 0.29-0.79 mScm-1, respectively. Total phenol varied from 5500 and 14120 mg/kg in the samples. Flavonoid contents were between 926-1657 mg/kg. The greater amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds leads to more potent radical scavenging effect as shown by Cotton, Eucalyptus, and Black seed honey samples. Microbiological characteristics showed that Black seed followed by Eucalyptus honey extracts gave the maximum antibacterial activity against K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, E. coli and S. mutans with maximum inhibition zones equal to 42.67, 39.00, 36.00, 27.33 and 18.67 mm at 100 μl, respectively, for Black seed honey, and 41, 38.33 and 35.67 mm and approximately equal inhibition zones of 13.67 mm against E. coli and S. mutans at 100 μl, respectively, for Eucalyptus honey. The minimum inhibitory concentration values against the pathogenic bacteria showed that, at 25% concentration, Black seed and Eucalyptus honey had an effect on E. coli and K. pneumonia, while Clover honey had an effect on P. aeruginosa and P. mirabilis. Thus, honey can be used for nutritional, medicinal and industrial purposes and can be an important commodity in the international market.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5175_1c9d4a5577c8b71cdd5c389f57bc23e8.pdf
Antibacterial
antioxidant
Local natural honey
Pathogenic bacteria
Egyptian Honey
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
109
118
10.21608/ejbo.2018.1417.1115
5171
Different Responses of Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa colona to Bisbyric-sodium (Nominee tm)
Abdel-Hamid Khedr
abdelkhedr@gmail.com
1
Mamdouh Serag
mamdouhserag054@gmail.com
2
Heba Shaaban
heba.shaaban152@gmail.com
3
Gaber Abogadallah
abogadallah@googlemail.com
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta, Egypt
Echinochloa crus-galli and Echinochloa colona mostly grown as weeds in different economic crops and cause losses in their yield. Flooding and Crop rotation ca not suppress these weeds. Herbicides are widely applied to control barnyard grasses. Bisbyric-sodium was applied at FRD (Field Recommended Dose) on both species, the results of preliminary experiment indicated that E. crus-galli was susceptible to bispyribac-sodium but E. colona was resistance. The Confirmation experiment for E. colona resistance indicated that herbicide effect on the biomass of plants which caused reduction in fresh and dry weight. The photosynthetic pigments were affected by herbicide, which decreased by increasing the herbicide concentration. While anthocyanins content were increased to protect the leaves from the stress of photoinhibitory light fluxes by absorbing the excess photons. The soluble and insoluble sugar content was increased by increasing the concentration of herbicide. The transcript level of ALS in E. colona was modified by different concentrations of herbicide. The present study indicated that ALS expression level was responsive to herbicide treatment. This suggests that ALS is a target site of bispyric-sodium. But 50% FRD can be considered as sub-lethal dose which upregulated the expression of ALS by 4 folds.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5171_be53aa74eefbc77714fae8651e73b7f4.pdf
ALS
Echinochloa
herbicide
Anthocyanine
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
119
132
10.21608/ejbo.2018.1292.1110
5172
Antimicrobial Activity of Green Silver Nanoparticles against Fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans in Animal Model
Amira El-adly
amiraaladly@yahoo.com
1
Iman Shabana
ishabana@taibahu.edu.sa
2
Laser Microbiology Laboratory, National Institute of Laser Enhanced Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Bacteriology, Immunology and Mycology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
FUNGAL infections due to fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans are a serious clinical problem, requiring new efficient antifungal treatment. The present study evaluated the susceptibility of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans to green silver nanoparticles. A total of 40 isolates were examined for the expressions of CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1 gene by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The antifungal activities of green silver nanoparticles alone and/or in combination with fluconazole (to improve antifungal activity) were assessed by broth microdilution assay and transmission electron microscopy. The effect of fluconazole and/or green silver nanoparticles on the production of C. albicans to protease and phospholipase was also evaluated. And finally, animal model was used to prove the safe and effective use of green silver nanoparticles in the treatment of fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. For all the tested C. albicans strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of fluconazole and green silver nanoparticles were 64 and 4.84 μg/ml, respectively. Green silver nanoparticles decrease the production of protease and phospholipase enzymes. The expression of both CDR1 and CDR2 were decreased after exposure to green silver nanoparticles, while the expression of CDR 1, CDR 2 and MDR 1 were all decreased when fluconazole and green silver nanoparticles were used. Green silver nanoparticles may be causing suppression of the CDR1, CDR2 and MDR1 expression in fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. The results suggest the use of green silver nanoparticles as a safe and effective treatment against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5172_e5b0f1aa74784b6561bb719774b2e482.pdf
Candida albicans
Fluconazole resistance
Green silver nanoparticles
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-04-01
58
1
133
143
10.21608/ejbo.2018.1090.1100
5173
Molecular Effects and Antibacterial Activities of Ginger Extracts against Some Drug Resistant Pathogenic Bacteria
Attiya Mohamedin
amohamedin@hotmail.com
1
Ashraf Elsayed
ashraf.badawy@yahoo.com
2
Fathi Shakurfow
fathishakurfow@gmail.com
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahlia, Egypt
Medical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medical Technology, El-Mergib University, Libya
IN THIS study, the antibacterial activity of six types of ginger extracts was evaluated against drug resistant E. coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The impact of ginger methanol extract on the tested bacteria was studied at the molecular level via SDS-PAGE and RAPD-PCR methods. From the six types of ginger extracts, ginger methanol extract recorded a remarkable antimicrobial activity and the minimum inhibitory concentration was 0.7 mg/ml against all tested bacteria. The Gram positive bacteria showed more sensitivity to ginger methanol extract and lower growth rate pattern than the Gram negative bacteria. The qualitative phytochemical analysis of ginger methanol extract recorded the presence of steroids and flavonoids that are wide-range antimicrobial agents. From GC-MS results, sixteen compounds were identified with major compounds gingerol (30.56%), cis-6-shagol (21.61%), zingerone (8.22%) and 2,4-dimethyl- Benzo[h]quinolone (5.48%). The combination of ginger methanol extract with gentamycin or amoxicillin antibiotics improved its antibacterial activity. The biomarker assay detecting the protein changes based on SDS-PAGE profile and the genetic changes based on RAPD-PCR manipulation of ginger methanol extract manifested a polymorphic pattern when treated and untreated bacteria were compared. In conclusion, the application of ginger methanol extract increased the activity of gentamycin and amoxicillin antibiotics and because ginger methanol extract has effective and safe bioactive antimicrobial agent against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, it can be used as an alternative drug.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_5173_50a89d84b485dbdf764a4dc35f8d4b3e.pdf
GC-MS
Ginger extracts
Bacteria
protein
RAPD-PCR