eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
311
320
10.21608/ejbo.2018.2675.1145
7892
Biodegradation of Some Dyes by The Green Alga Chlorella vulgaris and the Cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa elachista
Mostafa El-Sheekh
mostafaelsheekh@yahoo.com
1
Ghada Abou-El-Souod
ghadawagih54@yahoo.com
2
Hayam El Asrag
sc_hayam@yahoo.com
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
A S A RESULT of its wide usage in the textile and other industries, dyes are widely detected in industrial wastewater. Algae and cyanobacteria can degrade and mineralize a number of dyes, presuming that the reduction appears to be related to the molecular structure of the dyes and the algal species used. The present study was conducted to investigate the potential of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris and the Cyanobacterium Aphanocapsa elachista isolated from polluted industrial regions for biodegradation of some pollutant dyes. The dyes used in this investigation were Disp orange 2RL, Reactive yellow 3RN, Reactive Black NN and Tracid Red BS. The results revealed that the maximum decolorization was observed in Disp. Orange 2RL (Azo dye) by Chlorella vulgaris (55.22%) after 7 days of incubation, while, Aphanocapsa elachista decolorized reactive yellow 3 RN (Azo dye) by 49.16%. Azo reductase enzyme in the used alga is responsible for degradation of azo dyes into an aromatic amine by cleaving the azo linkage. The results showed that treatment of Chlorella vulgaris with Disp Orange 2RL induced the azoreductase enzyme by 62.17% and Aphanocapsa elachista with Reactive yellow 3RN by 52.48% after 7 days of incubation. After decolorization, the degradation products were identified and confirmed by spectroscopic analysis (FTIR, GC/MS). This work concludes the ability of some microalgae and cyanobacteria for biodegradation of environmental pollutants.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7892_1d88d82f5edfbe1dc4fdaf168121fe03.pdf
biodegradation
dyes
microalgae
Industrial Wastewater
spectroscopic analysis
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
321
330
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3035.1156
7893
Numerical Taxonomy of the Asclepiadaceae s.l.
Adel El-Gazzar
elgazzar_adel@hotmail.com
1
Adel Khattab
adel_kh76@yahoo.com
2
Albaraa El-Saeid
baraa_elsaied@yahoo.com
3
Alaa Elkady
alaa.elkady885@yahoo.com
4
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, El-Arish University, N. Sinai, Egypt
The Herbarium, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cario, Egypt
Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Botany & Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
A SET of 58 characters was recorded comparatively for a sample of 76 species belonging to 31genera of the Asclepiadaceae R.Br. The characters cover variation among the species in gross vegetative morphology, floral features and structure of the pollination apparatus. The data-matrix was analyzed using a combination of the Jaccard measure of dissimilarity and Ward’s method of clustering in the PC-ORD version 5. Two major groups are recognized in this treatment, the first comprises representative genera of the Asclepiadoideae, while the second is split into two subordinate groups corresponding to the Periplocoideae and the Secamonoideae. Tacazzia seems better removed from the Periplocoideae and placed in the Asclepiadoideae. The generic concept in the family is taxonomically sound; only representative species of Cynanchum were divided between two closely related low-level groups. The currently accepted tribes and subtribes in Schumann’s classification are in need of thorough revision; only the Secamonoideae-Secamoneae emerged intact.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7893_c0de2a7cd78245234842a8a000e3d5d1.pdf
Asclepiadaceae s.l.
classification
cluster analysis
Morphology
Pollen tetrads
Pollinia
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
331
341
10.21608/ejbo.2018.2871.1148
7894
Key Regulators of Sucrose Accumulation during Different Developmental Phases of Sugar Beet Plants
Awatif Ali
awatifali95@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
BECAUSE of the economic importance of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) in sucrose production, a field experiment was conducted to elucidate the key regulators of sucrose metabolism in source leaves and sink roots at 135, 150, 165 and 180 day after sowing (DAS) that would be determined sucrose yield. Increase in sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity in source and sink tissues during the first three selected harvest phases was associated in leaves with an increase in activities of acid invertase (AI) and neutral invertase (NI), chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll and reducing sugars on the one hand and the levels of sucrose and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in roots on the other hand. The maximum sucrose level in roots was at 165 DAS. A gradual increase in root NI activity accompanied by an increase in reducing sugars and a decrease in the sucrose/reducing sugars ratio in roots by harvest date progress was observed. Pearson correlation test revealed contradictory findings whereas, SPS activity correlated with sucrose level in leaves negatively but positively in roots. All investigated enzymes in leaves correlated negatively with sucrose/reducing ratio. But in roots, only NI activity correlated negatively with sucrose/reducing sugars ratio.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7894_425fea63e001fc4733cc0a7aa29e6c47.pdf
AI activity
Chl b/Chl a ratio
Pi level
SPS activity
Sucrose/reducing sugars ratio
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
343
343
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3045.1158
7895
Optimization of Bioactive Compounds Production by Endophytic Chaetosphaeronema sp. (KY321184) Using Experimental Design Method
Mohamed Osman
meosman@gmail.com
1
Ahmed El- Beih
aae2eg@yahoo.com
2
Om-Kalthom Khatab
ekhatab555@yahoo.co.uk
3
Saad Moghannem
saad_moghannem@yahoo.com
4
Nashwa Abdullah
nashwahamed_2010@yahoo.com
5
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Research Industries Division, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
THE PRODUCTION of bioactive compounds by endophytic Chaetosphaeronema sp. (KY321184) has been optimized using the experimental design methods. Among seven fermentation parameters, Plackett-Burman design revealed that potato extract concentration, glucose concentration and inoculum size are three significant variables positively affecting the production process. The levels of these variables have been optimized using Box-Behnken design. The best productivity was estimated under potato extract concentration, glucose concentration and inoculum size of 190gL-1, 15gL-1 and 5 fungal discs (0.8cm diameter), respectively. The model was validated experimentally, and it showed a deviation error of 4.3% and 5.3% from the predicted values of Design Expert’s model and the Excel solver, respectively, which considered as an acceptable error. Moreover, it has been observed that, trails of Plackett-Burman design stimulated the production of different compounds and one of them is produced in a partially pure form. This observation suggests that, this type of experimental design not only can be employed for optimization purpose but also may represent a method to modify the production pattern of bioactive compounds in a trial to obtain them in a partially pure form to save the cost and effort exerted in the purification process.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7895_307d73a8cd7227187eda93e967d4f629.pdf
Chaetosphaeronema sp. KY321184
Endophytic
bioactive compounds
Statistical optimization
Plackett-Burman
Box-Behnken
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
355
369
10.21608/ejbo.2018.2945.1152
7896
Optimization of L-asparaginase Production from Some Filamentous Fungi with Potential Pharmaceutical Properties
Dalia Ali
dalia_ibrahim_ali@yahoo.com
1
Salama Ouf
saoufeg@yahoo.com
2
Mohamed Eweis
eweiswelcome@yahoo.com
3
Dina Solieman
dinamoniem@gmail.com
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
ONE HUNDRED and forty three isolates related to 16 fungal species were recovered from garden soil and indoor air of the medical chambers of Tumor Institute, Kasr El Ainy, Egypt. Quantitative L-asparaginase assay for isolated species was determined by Nesslerization. The fungal isolates exhibited different L-asparaginase activities. Aspergillus sydowii and Fusarium oxysporum showed the highest L-asparaginase activity where the activity reached 3.98 and 3.91 U/ml in the assay mixture after 48 h incubation period, respectively. The identification of A. sydowii and F. oxysporum was confirmed molecularly using Internal Transcribed Spacer Regions sequences. The optimization of the cultural conditions for the production of L-asparaginase was performed by using Taguchi design. Eight component factors of a modified medium were evaluated in influencing L-asparaginase yield. The highest L-asparagenolytic activity was achieved in culture media containing 1% L-asparagine, 0.2% glucose, 0.1% KH2PO4, 0.025% KCl, 0.052% MgSO4.7H2O, pH 5.0 and incubation at 40oC in a rotatory incubator (100 rpm) for 5 days, where enzyme activities of 146 and 143 U/ml were measured for A. sydowii and F. oxysporum, respectively. Anti-leukemic activity of the crude enzyme of either A. sydowii or F. oxysporum against murine RAW264.7 leukemia cells line using MTT viability assay with IC50 of 50.0 and 62.5 U/ml, respectively for the two tested fungi. The anti-cancer activity was determined against cell lines of human colon carcinoma, liver carcinoma and breast carcinoma. About 70-80% cell death of carcinoma cell lines was obtained by using the crude L-asparaginase of either A. sydowii or F. oxysporum.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7896_20394f902ab8ef69d524b82423a7a29d.pdf
Taguchi design
L-asparaginase
Filamentous fungi
Optimization
Anti-leukemic and anti-cancer cytotoxicity
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
371
380
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3199.1161
7897
Micropropagation and Assessment of Genetic Stability of Musa sp. cv. Williams Using RAPD and SRAP Markers
Ismael Khatab
ismael.khatab@yahoo.com
1
Mohamed Youssef
m.s.gad@sci.kfs.edu.eg
2
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
THE PRESENT study was conducted to investigate the effect of different concentrations of plant growth regulators on a commercial scale and true-to-type micropropagation of Musa sp., cv. Williams. In addition, assessment of the genetic stability of micropropagated plants using RAPD and SRAP markers. Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with BAP cytokinin and NAA auxin (3.0+0.2mg/l) was found to be the most suitable combination. It gave the highest shoot number per explant; 7.6, 8.4 and 11.2 after 10, 20 and 30 days, respectively. The longest shoots; 4.2, 5.4 and 6cm were obtained on the same media after 10, 20 and 30 days sculturing, respectively. The highest number of well-developed roots (10.4 roots per shoot) was scored for rooting media supplemented with 3mg/l IAA after 20 days culturing. Rooted plantlets were then transferred to pots and grown in the greenhouse followed by successful transfer to the soil. After the seventh sub-culture, the clonal fidelity among the micropropagated plantlets was assessed by RAPD and SRAP markers. Ten RAPD primers generated 38 bands, while four SRAP primers amplified 16 bands. All generated bands were monomorphic among the micropropagated plants compared to mother plant; except primers me1+em2 combination generated only one polymorphic band. In vitro micropropagation protocol reported herein could be served as a commercial method for large scale production of disease-free and genetically stable banana.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7897_57089b5b03120b6f8d05f8d52955eed7.pdf
Banana
growth regulators
micropropagation
RAPD and SRAP
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
381
396
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3000.1154
7898
Biochemical, Molecular and Mutagenic Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Vicia faba L Seedlings
Reda Gaafar
redagaafar@gmail.com
1
Adel Elshanshory
aelshanshory@yahoo.com
2
Mohamed Eldakak
mohamed_sci2003@yahoo.com
3
Mohamed Elhiti
mohamed.elhiti@umanitoba.ca
4
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
ELECTROMAGNETIC fields (EMFs) consist of two main components electric and magnetic fields. The magnetic fields are the most deleterious and their photons travel in waves-like pattern. These waves penetrate any biological system causing genetic and biochemical changes. In a trail to explore the effects of EMFs on faba bean as a model plant system during seedling stage at cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels, the high-voltage transmission lines as a source of EMFs and aluminum foil as EMFs shelter were used. The effect of EMF direction was investigated by selecting locations at different distances around the high-voltage transmission lines, where seeds were allowed to germinate under different EMF intensities for 10 days. At cellular level, the results showed that EMFs cause severe cytological abnormalities, such as chromosomal breakage, unoriented chromosomes, micronuclei, stickiness, lagging chromosomes, and cytokinesis failure. Such abnormalities were frequent in the Vicia faba seedlings grown directly under the high-voltage transmission lines, where the intensity was 4051μT and the rate of abnormalities increased by decreasing the distance from EMFs source. At biochemical level, Ca2+ binding proteins showed no distinct marker to EMFs, yet arbitrary profiles were observed. At the molecular level, some unique ISSR banding patterns were detected in the EMFs-exposed seedlings. The results indicated no significant differences between the covered and uncovered aluminum foil treatments. Moreover, the plant samples either in the left or right direction exhibited nonsignificant differences. Taken together, these results suggested that a distance of 200 meters from the high-voltage lines is regarded as a safe distance, the effect of EMFs has not inherited in the upcoming generations and aluminum foil cannot protect against EMFs.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7898_da10f16cee208586ed3b7f83cd4e3fc8.pdf
electromagnetic fields
Mutation
Vicia faba L
chromosomal aberrations
Ca2+- binding proteins
isozymes
ISSRs
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
397
409
10.21608/ejbo.2018.2810.1150
7899
Reconstruction of Paleovegetation and Paleoecology from the Early Cretaceous Sporomorphs of Bougaz-1 well, northeast Sinai, Egypt
Zainab El-Noamani
zainabelnoamani@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
A WELL-preserved, diverse sporomorph assemblage of 62 species belonging to 39 genera has been recorded in two Cretaceous (Aptian/Albian) samples recovered from depths 3105m and 3117m in the Bougaz-1 well, northeast Sinai. The identified 62 species consist of 20 genera and 27 species of pteridophytic fern spores, nine genera and 15 species of gymnosperm pollen, and 10 genera and 20 species of angiosperm pollen. A correlation of the encountered sporomorphs and their parent plant affinities (classes, orders and families) has been attempted in order to give an image of the past vegetation in this part of Egypt. Vegetation reconstruction demonstrates a mixed forest which is represented by a mixture of ferns, gymnosperms and angiosperms. A remarkable abundance of pteridophytic fern spores with other hygrophilous elements such as Afropollis pollen seems to indicate paleoclimatic trends towards warm humid conditions during the Aptian/Albian period in the studied area. This climatic preference is also confirmed by the low frequencies of conifer vegetation such as Araucariaceae, Cheirolepidiaceae and genetalean pollen (Ephedripites) which were predominant on the topographically higher and relatively xeric environments.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7899_704c695947aec193ad941dccee5a6697.pdf
Aptian/Albian
Cretaceous
Egypt
Paleoecology
Paleovegetation
Sporomorphs
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
411
422
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3656.1173
7900
Cytogenetic Impact of Gamma Irradiation and Its Effects on Growth and Yield of Three Soybean Cultivars
Esraa El-Azab
esraaelazab@gmail.com
1
Mohamed Ahmed Soliman
prof.msoliman@yahoo.com
2
Elham Soliman
elham_soliman@science.helwan.edu.eg
3
Abdelfattah Badr
abdelfattahbadr@yahoo.com
4
Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics Unit, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
HEALTHY seeds of three soybean cultivars; Crawford, Giza 111 and Giza 35 were irradiated with γ-irradiationat doses ranging from 100Gy to 600Gy with 100Gy interval. The cytogenetic impact of the applied doses was assessed in M1 and M2 plants, on mitotic activity and chromosomes in root tip meristems and vegetative growth, expressed as shoot and root length and fresh and dry weight of shoot and root as well as leaf area. The low doses of 100 and 200Gy increased mitotic activity, expressed as mitotic index MI and enhanced growth rate. In contrary, higher doses significantly retarded mitotic activity, increased the frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and reduced vegetative growth and yield, expressed as number of pods and seeds weight. The frequency of chromosomal abnormalities was dose dependent and its percentage varied among cultivars. Chromosomal stickiness and non-congression were the most common abnormalities at metaphase and chromosomal bridges and free chromosomes were the most common aberrations at ana-telophase whereas C-metaphase and c lagging chromosomes were only occasionally observed. No abnormalities were reported in the interphase of the M1 plants, but in the M2 plants, micronuclei and vacuolation of nuclei were frequently observed. The abnormalities reported here are mainly due to a clastogenic action that may have cause breakage and reunion of chromosomes. These findings emphasise the importance of assessing mitotic activity and chromosomes behaviour in plants used for mutation breeding to predict changes invegetative traits and yield of target genotypes.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7900_bb2ee9223ca4291998ca2a2aa04f1b9c.pdf
gamma radiation
Soybean
mitosis
Chromosomes
Growth
yield
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
423
436
10.21608/ejbo.2018.2897.1149
7901
Impact of Pollution on Weeds Phytosociology
Taha Ramadan
taha60@yahoo.com
1
Ahmed Amro
ahmed.amro81@yahoo.com
2
Mahmoud Abd-Almoneim
dr_samir44@yahoo.com
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut Egypt
THE ASSOCIATED vegetation to some Assiut province farmlands was investigated between two years (2015 and 2016). The recorded flora (82 species belonging to 25 families) revealed general dominance of the annuals (65% of the total flora). Cluster analysis as a classification method yielded two distinct groups (A and B). Stands of group “A” were restricted to the polluted areas and those of group “B” were confined to the non-polluted areas. Fifteen species were confined to the polluted areas (group A), 31 species were in the non-polluted areas (group B) and 36 species were represented in both. Presence (P %) of species within the different groups was used as monitor of ecological success and habitat performance. Those species represented in both areas but with high presence percentages in polluted area (eurytopic species), in addition to species confined to this area can be checked for their potential use in phytoremediation. Urtica urens was the most abundant invasive species tolerating serious pollution level. Therefore, it can be considered as an indicator species for polluted areas. The application of DCA and CCA as ordination techniques on the collected data revealed the dependence of group “A” vegetation on heavy metals and group “B” on major nutrients. Preliminary phytosociological studies, however, can provide useful information on the species of potential use in phytoremediation. Keywords: CCA, DCA, Heavy metals, Phytosociology
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7901_e0700bdebb7b8e2ac7b215d6dee3f507.pdf
CCA
DCA
Heavy metals
Phytosociology
soil pollution
weeds
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
437
444
10.21608/ejbo.2018.2339.1141
7902
Seed Viability Changes during Fruit Ripening of Juniperus polycarpos : Implications for Seed Collection
Mojtaba Mohammadi Zade
mojtabamohamadizadeh@yahoo.com
1
Hadi Kiadaliri
h-kiadaliri@srbiau.ac.ir
2
Vahid Etemad
vetemad@ut.ac.ir
3
Iraj Mehregan
imehregan@srbiau.ac.ir
4
Reza Azizinezhad
r.azizi@srbiau.ac.ir
5
Faculty of Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahid Sattari Highway, Tehran, Iran P.O Box 14515-775
Faculty of Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahid Sattari Highway, Tehran, Iran P.O Box 14515-775
Department of Forestry and Forest Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Chamran Blvd. Karaj, Alborz, Iran, P.O Box 31585-4314
Faculty of Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahid Sattari Highway, Tehran, Iran P.O Box 14515-775
Faculty of Natural Resources, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahid Sattari Highway, Tehran, Iran P.O Box 14515-775
JUNIPERUS polycarpos is a keystone species found in arid zones in the Middle East, especially in Iran. Although studies have researched how to increase the germination capacity of this species through seed treatments, other methods to increase seed germination capacity have not been investigated. In this study, we considered the effects that seed collection time had on the germination parameters of J. polycarpos. The germination parameters were calculated for each treatment, which was replicated 4 times with 100 seeds per replicate. The results showed that all germination parameters were affected by a high degree of infestation, which increased significantly from 10% in August (unripe cones) to 39% in November (ripe cones). Seed infestation caused the seed viability, germination capacity, and germination value of the seeds to decrease by 67%, 78%, and 95%, respectively. The decrease in germination capacity could have also resulted from the probable high amount of abscisic acid in mature cones. Therefore, collecting cones four months earlier than the maturation time may be a more cost effective method for the artificial regeneration of forests and the seedling production of J. polycarpos. Early collection time combined with the best introduced treatment methods can significantly improve the germination of J. polycarpos seeds. This will be useful for artificial regeneration practices in endangered and genetically unique stands of J. polycarpos
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7902_3d543f19fe279090d0956e17f2d784f1.pdf
Forestry
Restoration
Germination
Seed collection
Seed infestation
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
445
461
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3423.1166
7903
The Effect of Seed Presoaking with KNO3 on Seed Germination, Proline, Protein Pattern, ß-Amylase and Mineral Composition of Two Faba Bean Cultivars Treated with NaCl
Gaber Abdel-Baki
gaberahmed137@yahoo.com
1
M. Shaddad
2
Doaa Mostafa
moustafadoaa@yahoo.com
3
Al-Shimaa Rafat
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
otany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
SEEDS of two broad bean cultivars (Vicia faba, cv. Nobaria 3 and cv. Sakha 3) were obtained from Mallawi Agriculture Research Center, El Minia Governorate, Egypt. Different salinization levels (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160mM NaCl) were used and both cultivars were presoaked in either water (Reference control) or potassium nitrate (3mM), then left for germination for five days. Plants transported to the field and further growth for 65 days from sowing. The final germination percentage the two broad bean cultivars of Vicia faba c were decreased by increasing salinity in the rooting medium. Seed presoaking in KNO3 resulted in remarkable increase in final germination percentage especially in cultivar Sakha 3. Both cultivars accumulated proline in both different organs reached 3 folds higher than absolute control, Seed presoaking in KNO3 had a significant increase in proline contents especially in shoots regardless the salinity levels used. Mineral composition the plants of the two broad bean cultivars showed various responses with increasing salinity. Seed presoaking in KNO3 resulted in remarkable decrease in Na and increased K contents in tested plants. One band of β-amylase were detected under different concentrations of NaCl combined with KNO3. The intensity of the bands varied between various treatments. Exposure of Sakha 3 and Nobaria 3 cultivars to different concentrations of NaCl salinity and those presoaked in KNO3 (3mM) were produced marked changes in their protein pattern.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_7903_129de4c8c10b5964fcdba993e5b61e87.pdf
proline
Protein pattern
Faba bean cultivars
β -amylase
Mineral compositions
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
463
476
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3612.1171
13995
Genetic Diversity between Pumpkin Accessions Growing in the Northern Border Region in Saudi Arabia Based on Biochemical and Molecular Parameters
Mohamed Abdein
abdeingene@yahoo.com
1
Biology Department, Faculty of Arts and Science-Rafha, Northern Borders University, Saudi Arabia
THE GENETIC variation and relationships among 16 pumpkin accessions of Cucurbita moschata & Cucurbita maxima were assessed based on variation in fruit shape, skin color, flesh and size of fruits. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of seed protein and molecular markers revealed by SCoT and ISSR techniques. The SDS-PAGE electropherogram showed 12 bands; two (75 and 145 kDa) were found in accessions (1-8) and one (85 kDa) was found in accessions 9-16. Other three bands were unique to accessions 1, 2 & 11. Five ISSR primers produced 79 markers ranging in molecular size from 130 to 2140 bp. Six SCoT primers produced 173 markers ranging from 135 to 2660 bp. The ISSR polymorphism among the examined accessions was 100% in the case of primers 49A, 44 B and HB-12, and was 92% for primer HB-15. Similarly, 100% polymorphism was scored for the primers SCoT8, SCoT11, SCoT12 and SCoT14. The lowest polymorphism was 93.94% in case of primer SCoT1. Our data based on protein, RAPD and ISSR data using the SYSTAT version 7.0 program clearly distinguished accessions from each other.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_13995_97490935cfb55fbb449d255d2f639eef.pdf
Pumpkin
Cucurbita L
isozymes
protein
ISSR
SCoT
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
477
490
10.21608/ejbo.2018.1021.1090
13977
Isolation and Antibiotic Prospective of Endolithic Actinobacteria Inhabiting Diorite Rocks of South Sinai, Egypt
Hesham Abdulla
hesham_abdulla@science.suez.edu.eg
1
Sahar El-Shatoury
sahar_hassan@science.suez.edu.eg
2
Mohamed Abdel Rahman
dr_moh_71@hotmail.com
3
Nahla El-Shenawy
nahla.el-shenawy@scuegypt.edu.eg
4
Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
THIRTY-FOUR actinobacteria strains were recovered from diorite rocks of South Sinai, Egypt, using direct isolation. The predominant types were Streptomyces and Nocardioides (8 strains, each), followed by Kitasatosporia and Nocardiopsis (4 strains, each). Twenty-five strains were active against Escherichia coli NCMB 11943, two clinical cultures (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans) and/or three solid tumor cell lines (colon C38, colon H-116, lung H-125 M).One strain showed potent activity towards S. aureus, C. albicans and inhibited colon HCT116 and liver HepG2 carcinoma cell lines at IC50 3.2 and 1.3μg/ml, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis indicated its identity as Micromonospora citrea, at 99.6% similarity. MALDI/TOF-MS analysis of its metabolic extract revealed 18 compound masses, molecular weight range of 585.52 to 669.64Da. Statistical general full factorial design indicated varying effects of four-carbon and three-nitrogen sources on its bioactivity. Starch and potassium nitrate at 1% w/v, as C- and N-sources, respectively, were significantly effective for enhancing the antitumor activity up to 1.3-fold (P = 0.007).M. citrea extract revealed non-significant cytotoxic effects in rats, at 10mg/kg injection dose, every two days for two weeks. The kidney and liver functions were not significantly impaired, as indicated from results of serum enzymatic activities, urea, total protein and albumin levels. The strain was deposited at the Egyptian Microbial Culture Collection as M. citrea SP1 EMCC 1923 and was patent registered (Egyptian Patent Office, No. 655). These results indicate the importance of actinobacteria inhabiting arid rocks of Sinai for production of promising antibiotic leads.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_13977_97999dc62c99a8adff731e4483d120ae.pdf
Endolithic actinomycetes
Micromonospora citrea
antimicrobial activity
antitumor activity
Hepatotoxicity
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
491
500
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3064.1160
13989
Effect of Sodium Nitro-Prusside (SNP) Preatreatment on Ammonia Assimilating Enzymes of Salt Stressed Tomato Leaves ( Lycopersicon esculentum )
Hala Aly
halaamzn99@yahoo.com
1
Nabil Saber
nabilsaber@hotmail.com
2
Amany Mohamed
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Biological and Geological Department, Faculty of Education, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
THE EFFECTS of treatment with 100mM NaCl on photosynthetic activity, protein and proline contents , activities of key nitrogen metabolism enzymes, nitrate reductase (NR) and nitrite reductase (NiR), ammonia assimilating enzymes: Glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT) and glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) activities and finally ammonia and nitrate contents were investigated in 40-day old leaves of tomato plants. There was a decline in total protein (TP) and insoluble protein (InsP) fractions accompanied with a significant increase in proline and soluble protein contents in response to NaCl – stress. Under salinized conditions, there was a significant inhibition in all tested leaf gas exchange parameters, stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci) and hence, CO2 assimilation (A). Also, a significant inhibition of NR & NiR enzymes and a strongly decrease in nitrate content were observed. In contrast, ammonia assimilating enzymes (GS, GOGAT, NADH-GDH and NAD-GDH) activities were obviously increased in NaCl – salinized tomato leaves, this accompanied with a significant increase in ammonia content. Soaking tomato seeds in 10μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) for 8h were elevated-to some extent- all the studied parameters and there was an improvement in TP, proline, all gas exchange parameters, NR & NiR activities and nitrate content. While ammonia assimilating enzymes (GS, GOGAT, NADH-GDH and NAD-GDH) activities and ammonia content were significantly decreased compared to NaCl - salinized tomato leaves.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_13989_8c98e9927f7839e693c31ef6266f18bf.pdf
salt stress
Sodium nitroprosside (SNP)
Nitrogen metabolism enzymes
Ammonia assimilating enzymes
tomato plants
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
501
514
10.21608/ejbo.2018.1844.1130
13984
Incidence of Virulent Factors in Staphylococci Isolated from Clinical and Foods Specimens in Egypt
Fifi Reda
fifi.reda133@yahoo.com
1
Rashad Kebeish
rkebeish@gmail.com
2
Azza Abo zeid
azza.abozeid@yahoo.com
3
Marwa Nasr
marwanaser367@yahoo.com
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
ONE HUNDRED Gram positive staphylococci isolates were isolated from 80 clinical specimens and 20 food samples using Baird Parker and mannitol salt agar media. Sixty isolates out of 80 (75%) isolated from clinical specimens were found to be coagulase positive staphylococci while the other 20 isolates (25%) were proved to be coagulase negative staphylococci. Meanwhile, all staphylococci isolated from food samples (20 isolates) were found to be coagulase negative isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility profile of all isolated staphylococci against 11 antibiotics indicated that 8 isolates were found to be resistant to more than 4 antibiotics which means that they are multi-drug resistant (MDR). Following the key of Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, the 2 coagulase positive clinical isolates (41 and 66) were preliminary identified as S. aureus and the other 6 coagulase negative staphylococci isolates were found to be related to different species of Staphylococcus genus. Using specific designed primers, some toxin target genes namely: entA, entC, entD1 and hlg were screened in the 8 selected MDR isolates. The isolates encoded 7 and 11, preliminary identified as S. saprophyticus 7 and S. xylosus 11, showed obvious significant amplicons of toxins genes entA, entD1 and hlg while the clinical isolates 41 and 66 which were preliminary identified as S. aureus, possessed entA and hlg genes only. Identification of coagulase negative S. xylosus 11 containing more than 3 toxin genes was confirmed by amplification of 16S rRNA gene which showed 99% similarity with S. xylosus strain. This sequence was deposited in Genbank under accession number MH118574.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_13984_9c2e0ddd31cb458962664af5646bd146.pdf
Genus Staphylococcus
Virulence factors
pathogenicity
Multidrug resistance (MDR)
Enterotoxins genes
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
515
527
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3690.1174
13999
Assessment of Environmental Fluctuations in Phytochemical Constituents of Some Xerophytes Inhabiting Wadi Sudr and their Antimicrobial Bioactivity
Samar Mohamed
samar_samer78@yahoo.com
1
Hemmat Khattab
dr.hemmat@hotmail.com
2
Amal Morsy
amal.abdelkader@yahoo.com
3
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
TRADITIONAL medicinal plants are an important economic source of raw materials for the drug industry. Nowadays, searching for new sources of drug raw materials is an important issue to meet the ever increasing demands. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative phytochemical screening of the dominated xerophytes inhabiting Wadi Sudr, South Sinai, including Retama raetam, Reaumaria hirtella, Tamarix nilotica and Zygophyllum dumosum, was performed. The accumulation levels of some natural bioactive products including phenols, flavonoids and saponins were determined during spring and summer. The investigated species exhibited significant increases in total free amino acids during spring, while they tend to accumulate total soluble sugars, sucrose and secondary metabolites including phenols, tannins and saponins during the dry summer season. Such increments in these metabolites were concomitant with the greatly reducing power capacity. Moreover, the antimicrobial activities of extracts from these shrubs were evaluated against four pathogenic microorganisms (2 bacterial species; Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and 2 fungal species; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus). Of the tested alternatives, methanolic extract was the most active fraction, while Tamarix nilotica was the most active plant species against the four tested microorganisms, especially Candida albicans. Furthermore, The MIC of the methanolic fraction of Tamarix nilotica and its effect on ergosterol and leakage of intracellular components of cells of Candida albicans showed that this shrub displays its fungicidal effects by targeting the ergosterol biosynthesis in Candida albicans and disrupting the membrane integrity. In conclusion, these shrubs are promising new sources for potent antioxidants and useful antimicrobial agents.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_13999_f6f2a5df0976bf839f38df340ae74085.pdf
Wadi Sudr
Xerophytes
metabolites
antioxidant
antimicrobial activity
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
529
537
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3950.1181
14005
The Effect of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes on Pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense L.) Plant
Noha Khalifa
nohakhalifa@hotmail.com
1
Genetic Unit, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
MULTI walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are gaining more attention to be used in industry and agriculture. The effect of this new nanomaterial should be investigated in order to gain more understanding about its effect on living organisms. In this study, pennycress plant was used as a model to determine the effect of MWCNT on the whole plant as well as its free genomic DNA. Germinated seedlings of pennycress plants were grown on MS agar media supplemented with 25,100 and 200μg/μl MWCNT for 6 days. The root elongation assay indicated that 25μg/μl of MWCNT enhanced the plant growth while the growth rate was reduced at higher concentrations. The gel shift binding assay indicated that MWCNT exhibited the ability to bind the genomic DNA at higher concentrations of 100 and 200μg/μl while no binding was observed at lower concentration of 25μg/μl. This study also showed that the plant pigment was highly reduced at higher concentrations as will be further discussed.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_14005_d82faba1e43b490d6982368a5ae15ed9.pdf
Pennycress
Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)
DNA
Photosynthetic pigments
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
539
545
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3540.1168
9619
Seed Germination of Rigid Ryegrass ( Lolium rigidum ) and Sterile Oat ( Avena sterilis ) under Water Salinity Conditions at Constant or Alternating Temperatures
Khalid Alshallash
kalshallash@su.edu.sa
1
Chemistry and Biology Department College of Sciences, Shaqra University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
RIGID ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) and sterile oat (Avena sterilis) are well known grasses in many parts of the world. They grow in both grasslands and arable habitats and both are recorded as serious weeds of arable lands in many countries worldwide. Seed germination of both species was tested against four levels of water salinity (0, 100, 300, 500mM/L of NaCl) and five different temperature regimes, constant at 8°C or alternating temperatures at 6/14, 8/16, 10/18 and 10/20°C, all in dark/light photoperiods of 8/16h, respectively. A. sterilis seeds generally showed higher germination rates than L. rigidum in all tested temperature regimes. Germination was very high in both species at alternating 10/20°C, and in A. sterilis also at 10/18°C, with nearly 40% in both. A. sterilis seeds also showed higher germination than L. rigidum at a constant temperature of 8°C, the latter favoring alternating temperatures. A. sterilis seeds resisted water salinity as high as 100 mM/L of NaCl and germinated at about 25%, compared to L. rigidum seed, which, while also showing some resistance to 100mM/L of NaCl only germinated at a rate of about 20%. Both species gave poor germination at higher levels of water salinity of 300 and 500mM/L of NaCl. Results confirmed that germination of seeds of both species favoured moderate alternating temperatures and showed some resistance to water salinity, which may indicate how both species can invade and persist in arable lands especially in Mediterranean climates and subtropics conditions.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_9619_7427a67909f08d16b5d9e8d77061c1ec.pdf
Germination
Temperature
water salinity
Avena sterilis
Lolium rigidum
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
547
561
10.21608/ejbo.2018.1820.1126
13980
Enhancing Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Molasses by Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y17
Abdel-Hamied Rasmey
am_rasmey@yahoo.com
1
Heba Hassan
dr_heba_hawary1@yahoo.com
2
Omar Abdulwahid
o.abdulwahid_science.staff@scuegypt.edu.eg
3
Akram Aboseidah
aboseidahh@yahoo.com
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Botany and Microbiology Department, faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
THIS STUDY aims to investigate the recycling of agro-industrial wastes as sugarcane and beet molasses for ethanol production using many yeast isolates. Out of fifteen tested isolates of yeasts, seven isolates showed high ethanol production contributing more than or equal 7% from sugarcane molasses with productivity ranging between 1.45 and 1.78gL-1h-1. Interestingly, isolate Y17 was the highest ethanol producer (8.55%) and it was chosen for the further optimization experiments. Isolate Y17 was identified phenotypically and genotypically as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and then was deposited in the GenBank with accession number KP096551. There was a significant enhancement in the ethanol production (9.55%) using S. cerevisiae Y17 from sugarcane molasses fermentation at 18% sugar, 30°C and pH 4.5 for 96h incubation period. These results suggest that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y17 may be subjected to genetic engineering improvement and used as a promising candidate for economical ethanol fermentation by utilization of sugarcane molasses as a renewable and low cost-effective substrate.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_13980_ff3a583f1b637753ce5b30922fe1c4f5.pdf
Bioethanol
Molasses
fermentation
genotypic
Saccharomyces
18S rRNA gene sequence
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
563
579
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3047.1157
13986
Bioremediation and Extracellular Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles from Wastewater using vYarrowia lipolytica AUMC 9256
Manal El-Sayed
tawfeek.manal1@gmail.com
1
Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
THIS THE FIRST study describing the rapid extracellular synthesis of copper nanoparticles during the bioremediation of copper by living, autoclaved and dried biomass of Yarrowia lipolytica AUMC 9256. The time course growth in the presence of different concentrations of Cu(II) was studied. The minimum inhibitory concentration value of Y. lipolytica AUMC 9256 for Cu(II) was 1900mg/L. The cellular localization of bioaccumulated copper ions was assessed. Maximum uptake capacities were accomplished at pH 6.0, initial metal ion concentration 450mg/L, biomass dosage 1g/L and contact time 180min for live cells, 90min for autoclaved and 30min for dried biomass. Copper nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscopy. They were all spherical in shape with an average size of 32.85nm (live), 22.34nm (autoclaved) and 15.62nm (dried). The occurrence of extracellular complexation, precipitation, adsorption onto cell wall and sequestration of needle-, rod-shaped precipitates within central large vacuole during Cu(II) uptake by live biomass were found out by transmission electron microscopy. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy confirmed that mannans, phosphorus, P=S stretching, C-S stretching, M-O and ring deformation were more included in Cu(II) uptake by dried biomass. Energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis confirmed the presence of high-intensity characteristic peaks of Cu(II) and a sharp reduction of atomic % of phosphorus and potassium on the cell wall. X-ray powder diffraction patterns of Cu(II)-loaded biomass confirmed their crystalline nature. The removal of copper from ceramic industry wastewater was carried out by dried biomass effectively.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_13986_4d8959099146be6ac74a5719becc262c.pdf
Yarrowia lipolytica
Biosorption
copper
Mechanism
Nanoparticles
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
581
590
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3595.1170
13992
Genetic Differentiation of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Populations Depending on Allozyme Diversity
Shawkat Ahmed
shamahmoh@gmail.com
1
Khalid Alamer
2
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, PO Box 5700,Taif, KSA
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, PO Box 5700, Taif, KSA
CITRULLUS colocynthis (L.) is a desert plant having a large history in pharmaceutical industries as an important medicinal plant. Allozyme variation and population genetic structure of C. colocynthis in 6 natural populations from western region, Saudi Arabia, were investigated by 6 enzyme systems. The genetic differentiation within and among C. colocynthis populations has been revealed by allozyme analysis. Ten loci were monomorphic in all populations, whereas seven loci having two alleles (α-EST-1, β-EST-1, MDH-1, ADH-4, ADH-5, ALO-4 and PRX-2) were polymorphic. The mean allozyme variability indices within C. colocynthis populations (P = 31.17%; A = 1.21) were lower than those for insect-pollinated species (P = 34%; A = 2.67; He = 0.205) except He value (0.415) was higher. The observed mean heterozygosity (Ho= 0.757) was higher than the expected mean heterozygosity (He= 0.415) indicating the existence of natural selection against homozygosity. The Inbreeding coefficient values (F) of polymorphic loci were negative suggesting a significant excess of heterozygosity in the studied populations. The UPGMA dendrogram of 84 individuals of C. colocynthis confirmed the notable variability within populations. Differentiation among-population (FST) recorded 16.2% of the total variation. Low FST and high genetic distance (D) values suggested a low differentiation among C. colocynthis populations. Little gene flow (Nm ) was deduced in all populations except ME based on the allozyme data. We suggest that population ME can be recommended for both genetic conservation and breeding programs.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_13992_3bba51c1a10f706f29db57895a378fd4.pdf
Citrullus
Allozyme
population
heterozygosity
Gene flow
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
591
603
10.21608/ejbo.2018.3837.1179
14003
Alleviation of Zn Toxicity in Germinated Wheat Grains (Triticum aestivum L.) by Seed Priming with Defensine Like Protein
Eman Selem
eman8_extra8@yahoo.com
1
Deyala Naguib
dmna2610science@yahoo.com
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
THE AIM of this study is to examine the effect of priming the wheat grains with definsine like protein in a trial to enhance their tolerance of Zn toxicity. The present technique was performed on two groups of wheat grains that were germinated under different concentrations of Zn. The first group included the non-primed grains and the second group included the primed grains with definsine like proteins which was extracted and purified from fenugreek seeds. Growth and somephysiological parameters of wheat seedlings were determined. Data revealed that increasing Zn concentrations in the non-primed grains reduced the growth parameters represented by germination ratio and length of both radicle and coleoptile. Also, hydrolysis processes represented by amylase, acid and alkaline phosphatase were significantly decreased, such decrease was accompanied with a decrease in soluble carbohydrates and phosphorus content. Additionally, there was a significant inhibition in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase. In contrast, there was an enhancement in the growth process in the definsine primed grains treated with high Zn concentrations. This was associated with a reduction in the oxidative markers such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2O2 content. Compared with non-primed grains, an improvement in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and controlling the excess of the ROS were recorded but no significant effect on the hydrolyzing enzymes was found.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_14003_c0563824303b6289d27a7c9424a605d0.pdf
Antioxidant enzymes
Definsine
Germination
Hydrolysis processes
Oxidative Stress
Zn toxicity
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
605
626
10.21608/ejbo.2018.5268.1217
17289
Ludwigia stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) P.H. Raven, Insight into its Phenotypic Plasticity, Habitat Diversity and Associated Species
Ashraf Soliman
ashsoliman@sci.cu.edu.eg
1
Rim Hamdy
rimhamdy@yahoo.com
2
Azza Hamed
azzabadr@sci.cu.edu.eg
3
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Cairo, Egypt
THIRTY-TWO populations of L. stolonifera were monitored resulted in detection of 7 morphotypes in 5 different habitats. Wide spectum species included Phragmites australis, Eichhornia crassipes and Cyperus alopecuroides. Cosmopolitan, Paleotropical and Pantropical elements contributed about 56.7% of the total number of the associated species. Therophytes constituted 46.7% while hydrophytes and helophytes 26.7%, hemicryptophytes, chamaephytes, geophytes and epiphytes were moderately represented. The similarity values between each pair of the 7 morphotypes based on the 42 macro and micro morphological characters were carried out. The fresh water morphotypes were correlated with the organic matter and turbidity, while the terrestrial morphotype was affected by carbonates and ammonia while the brackish and saline morphotypes were affected by electric conductivity, salinity, NaCl contents. L. stolonifera exhibits high degree of habitat diversity in the leaf shape and size; in the flower from typical bisexual 5-merous flowers with 10 stamens, to bisexual 6-merous flowers with 12 stamens; in size, position of bracteoles from basal to near base or near base and near or aboved; in the seed productivity/fruit from 60-80 seeds/fruit to 35-45 seeds/fruit from basal to near base or above; in the abundance of vesicles from abundant (up to 10 pneumatophores/cluster) to occasional vesicles (up to 3 pneumatophores/cluster); in the position of aperture from planaperturate to angulaperturate
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_17289_33e0ee674a26f1885425a9fb05cdabf5.pdf
Flora
hydrophytes
Clustering analysis
Morphological variation
Pneumatophore
Egypt
eng
National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)
Egyptian Journal of Botany
0375-9237
2357-0350
2018-12-01
58
3
627
638
10.21608/ejbo.2018.4548.1192
19909
Heavy Metal Levels in Some Popular Vegetables from Some Selected Markets in Saudi Arabia
Olfat Nassar
dr_gehadnasar@yahoo.com
1
Heba Nasr
heba_770@yahoo.com
2
Mohamed El-Sayed
m_helal2007rm@yahoo.com
3
Abd El-Nasser Kobisi
nasrkobisi77@yahoo.com
4
Department of Home Economics (Nutrition), Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University (Rafha), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Northern Border University (Rafha), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Plant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, El-Mataria, Cairo, Egypt
HEAVY metals accumulation in vegetables consider a world problem that may affect food safety and human health. In the present study fifteen vegetable species consisting of five leafy; Arugula (Eruca sativa), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea), Corchorus (Corchorus capsularis), Dill (Anethum graveolens) and Parsley (Petroselinum sativum); five fruits (Cucumber (Cucumis sativus), Eggplant (Solanum melongena), Green pepper (Capsicum annuum), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo); in addition to five tubers; Garlic (Allium sativum), Onion (Allium cepa), Radish (Raphanus sativus), Potato (Solanum tuberosum) and Yam (Ipomoea batatas) purchased from a local markets in Rafha Governorate at the Northern Border region in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were tested for levels of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) metals using atomic absorption spectrometry. The results obtained showed that levels of Cd, Pb, As, Fe, Cu and Zn ranged from 0.13±0.073 to 1.63±0.96; 0.33±0.18 to 5.38±2.67; 0.020±0.001 to 0.052±0.033; 0.41±0.09 to 10.81±7.29; 0.49±0.13 to 4.37±0.89 and 2.05±0.80 to 94.20±73.28μg/g, respectively, for all vegetable samples. The highest average concentrations of Cd, Pb, As, Fe, Cu and Zn were recorded in leafy species as 0.46±0.19 to 1.63 ± 0.96; 0.00 to 5.38 ± 2.67; 0.00 to 0.049±0.031; 2.95±1.47 to 10.81±1.29; 1.42±0.73 to 4.37±0.89; 4.63±1.37 to 21.99±18.60μg/g, respectively. The highest mean levels 94.20±73.28 and 10.81±7.29μg/g were recorded for Zn and Fe in potato and corchorus, respectively; while the lowest mean levels 0.13±0.073 and 0.33±0.18μg/g were for Cd and Pb in garlic and radish respectively. The element concentrations of these vegetables were within safety baseline levels for human consumption.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_19909_d1da73a7f78d34a415aa68710346f49f.pdf
Heavy metals
vegetables
Rafha Governorate
Safe limit
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry