ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Toxicological Studies on Microcystin Produced by Microcystis aeruginosa : Assessment and Management
MICROCYSTIS aeruginosa is a kind of cyanobacteria microorganism that synthesizes and produces peptides, which could be highly toxic. The most common toxin known as microcystin (MCs) or cyanotoxins, these toxins are heptapeptides produced by cyanobacterial blooms on water surfaces. They potentially lead to acute to chronic health-related problems via increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and irreversible inhibition of serine/threonine protein phosphatases. The toxicological studies of MCs on experimental animal and cell models have promise interests; however, few information is known about their impacts on humans due to acute or chronic exposure. This review article aimed to present some of the information about the cyanotoxins structure, occurrence, and distribution of the cyanobacterial toxins especially excreted from M. aeruginosa. Also, toxicological studies and investigations associated with M. aeruginosa producing microcystin, their assessments and control and health problems and cancer risk upon MCs exposure will be discussed. The article will also discuss the mechanism of the toxin and the way for control and degradation.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_60225_cbe99430207686559609aa5ca9f9f1dc.pdf
2019-11-01
551
566
10.21608/ejbo.2019.18478.1371
toxicity
Cyanobacteria
Microcystin
Microcystis aeruginosa
Hanan
Khairy
hanan_khairy@yahoo.com
1
Hydrobiology Laboratory, Marine Environmental Division, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mostafa
El-Sheekh
mostafaelsheekh@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Science ,Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Population Demography of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R.Br. in Taif Region, Saudi Arabia
THE PRESENT study aims at evaluating the state of Calotropis procera to adapt to different environmental conditions and identifying the patterns and sizes in terms of dimensions, size structure and density. Seventy five stands were selected in Taif region and its adjacent area to represent the environmental variations associated with the distribution of C. procera. The population structure of this species was evaluated in terms of size distribution. All dimensions of C. procera differed significantly along the altitude gradient, habitat and locations, except that of diameter which did not differ significantly along the altitude gradient and habitats. The altitude of 1300-1500m above sea level had the maximum values of height, size index, volume and height: diameter ratio, while the altitude of 1500-1700 had the minimum of height, diameter, and size index. Regarding habitat types, wadi beds had the maximum values of diameter, size index and volume, while depression spots had the maximum of height and height:diameter ratio. Sand flats had the minimum values of all population dimension. The density of C. procera differed significantly along altitude gradients. The total mean of size index-class frequency distributions of C. procera population approximated the positive inverse J-shape in the study area towards the relative preponderance of small individuals.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31618_243428db8f227bab5bf14c1460ea68d1.pdf
2019-11-01
567
579
10.21608/ejbo.2019.5566.1226
Demography
High altitudes
Population ecology
Size structure
Yassin
Al-Sodany
yalsodany@yahoo.com
1
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, KSA
LEAD_AUTHOR
Anwar
Kahil
anwar.kahil@yahoo.com
2
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, KSA
AUTHOR
Nawar
Aljuaid
aluaid@gmail.com
3
Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, KSA
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Authentication of Ecological, Biochemical and Molecular Features for Some Lamiaceae Species from Saudi Arabia
THE FAMILY Lamiaceae (Labiatae) contains several genera, such as sage (Salvia), mint (Mentha) and basil (Ocimum) with a rich diversity of ethno botanical uses. It has an important role as a source of medicinal and aromatic of commercial importance. Medicinal plants represent an important health and economic component of biodiversity. It is essential to make the complete inventory of the medicinal component of the flora of any country for conservation and sustainable use. The conservation of the threatened and endangered medicinal species in the wild is indispensable. Therefore, protein, isozymes, RAPD and ISSR markers were employed for molecular characterization, variability evaluation and genetic relationships of some Lamiaceae species collected from various areas of Saudi Arabia. All biochemical and molecular markers revealed high polymorphism percentage among the studied genotypes. The UPGMA clusters result indicated that all genotypes could be distinguished by these markers. The polymorphism information obtained through biochemical and molecular analyses may also help for further studies for other Lamiaceae genotypes in Saudi Arabia.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_29954_1b4c1307cced800d2cacdd01b2e267a7.pdf
2019-11-01
581
594
10.21608/ejbo.2019.6144.1246
biodiversity
Ecology
ISSR
Lamiaceae
Molecular marker
RAPD
Shawkat
Ahmed
shamahmoh@gmail.com
1
Biology Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Yassin
Al-Sodany
yalsodany@yahoo.com
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficiency of Essential Oils as Antifungal Agents against Aspergillus fumigatus KY026061 Causing Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
ALLERGIC bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and invasive aspergillosis are often found in severely immuno-suppressed patients and are characterized by invasion of conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus into blood vessels which can result in dissemination to other organs. Aspergilloma is a fungal ball that develops in previous cavity lung lesions. Essential oils have been used as antifungal agents. Inhalation of vapors of the essential oils kill invaders attached to the inner respiratory lining and work synergistically with the body defenses. In this study, (Ginger) and Cinnamomum camphora (Camphor) with inhibition zones ranging from11to 31mm. Treatment of A. fumigatus with cinnamon essential oil lead to external changes, irregular cell shape and disintegration of fungus cell wall as detected under transmission electron microscope and then make analysis by GC-MS.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_29953_d630eda20dcca9610cce0698dcafd4a9.pdf
2019-11-01
595
604
10.21608/ejbo.2019.6671.1262
Antifungal
Aspergillosis
Essential oils
<i> A. fumigatus </i> KY026061
Eman
Abd El-Zaher
:eimanabdelzaher@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wagih
El- Shouny
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samya
Shabana
olaa_abdelsalam@yahoo.com
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Olaa
Abd El-Salam
4
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytoplankton Studies of the Rabigh Dam Stream, Makkah Province, Saudi Arabia
A PRELIMINARY Checklist on phytoplankton dynamics of the Rabigh Dam Stream was investigated during the wet (January and February) and arid (July and August) seasons of 2018. Composite sample were collected along the Rabigh Dam Stream. These outcomes provide useful information on the checklists and ecology of plankton’s species which could be potentially used as bio-indicators for assessing and monitoring the Rabigh Dam Stream. Five main algal groups were recorded namely: Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae, Bacillariophyceae and Pyrrophyceae. This study identified 65 phytoplankton species consisted of Blue-green algae (9 species), Green algae (46 species), Euglenoids (1 species), Diatoms (6 species), and Dinoflagellates (3 species). The following order of dominance was; Cyanophyceae> Chlorophyceae> Euglenophyceae> Bacillariophyceae> Dinophyceae. In spite the number of blue-green algal species was low, they represented 63.62% of the total phytoplankton followed by Chlorophyceae (19.08%), Euglenophyceae (11.21%), Bacillariophyceae (5.72%), respectively. On the other hand, the Dinophyceae represented the rarely group (0.37%) of the total phytoplankton. There were main changes in phytoplankton composition due to the projects drinking water reservoir construction. It could be related to the severe human activities and difference in sampling strategies. It was concluded that all the dams had well balanced phytoplankton communities. The changes in phytoplankton composition and numbers were significantly varying among the period of study.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31036_bbb7cff36434abb0b5f3a5f7693f7f1c.pdf
2019-11-01
605
615
10.21608/ejbo.2019.9663.1292
Rabigh Dam
phytoplankton
Wadi Rabigh
physico-chemical parameters
Hussein
Touliabah
touliabah2@hotmail.com
1
Biological Sciences Department, Rabigh-Faculty of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Adel
Almutairi
b2ilogest@hotmail.com
2
Biological Sciences Department, Rabigh-Faculty of Science & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Biochar as a Soil Amendment for Alleviating the Harmful Effect of Salinity on Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp
THE EXPERIMENT was conducted to investigate the effects of application of rice straw waste-derived biochar on the growth and some metabolic activities of salt-stressed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). Moreover, biochar as a soil amendment was evaluated with the additional rate of chemical fertilizers (NPK) under salinity stress in agro-ecosystem. The results indicate that salinity (200mM NaCl) caused a significant reduction in all measured growth parameters of cowpea seedlings compared with control. Salinity stress caused reduction in germination percentage by 54% and 14% and 17% in the lengths of shoot and root, respectively as well as leaf area (22% reduction), compared with the control. Furthermore, the activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase), malondialdehyde (MDA), ascorbic acid content and osmolytes (total soluble proteins, carbohydrates and amino acids) were increased under salinity stress. The results showed that application of rice straw-derived biochar increased the germination percentage and all the studied growth criteria under salinity stress. In addition, rice straw-derived biochar increased the photosynthetic activity and photosynthetic pigments (Chl. a, Chl. b and carotenoids) and decreased the biosynthesis of MDA and ascorbic acid. The results demonstrate that the highest values of the measured growth parameters and physiological processes of cowpea seedlings were recorded at 75% NPK combined with biochar treatment. In conclusion, application of rice straw-derived biochar reduced the additional rate of chemical fertilizer by 25%.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31034_00b7e3008b376308a2fdb07053f9d4e1.pdf
2019-11-01
617
631
10.21608/ejbo.2019.6709.1267
Biochar
Chemical fertilizer
Cowpea
Photosynthesis
salinity
Mohamed
Osman
elanwar_osman@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Awatef
Mohsen
awamohsen@yahoo.com
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Afaf
Nessim
afaf_nessim@yahoo.com
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
El-Saka
elsaka3@yahoo.com
4
Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute (S.W.E.R.I.), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
AUTHOR
Walaa
Mohamed
walaa_abd_elmegeid@yahoo.com
5
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Some Virulence Factors among Gram Negative Bacteria Isolated from Patients with Lung Infection and Their Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns
BACTERIAL lung infections can be serious and life-threatening diseases in people of all ages. Recently, bacterial resistance to antibiotics has increased rapidly and the most serious concern is that some bacteria have become resistant to almost all of the easily available antibiotics.The present work aimed to study the relation between some of the expressed virulence factors and antibiotic resistance among local Gram negative bacteria isolated from infected lungs of patients attended Tanta University hospital, Egypt. Out of 70 different clinical specimens, 30 Gram negative isolates were obtained; 46.6% and 53.3% of total isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae, respectively. All bacterial isolates were tested for their susceptibility against 24 antimicrobial agents as well as the ability to express some virulence factors including hemolysin, gelatinase, protease, lipase, pigment and biofilm formation. The results showed the predominance of P. aeruginosa isolates resistance against many of the used antibiotics, with significantly higher mean percent of drug resistant (74.11±7.7) compared to that of Enterobacteriaceae (42.97±9.09). Also, all Pseudomonas isolates were extensively drug resistant (XDR), while Enterobacteriaceae were multi-drug resistance (MDR). Although, most virulence factors were expressed at higher rates in P. aeruginosa than other bacterial species, no relation between the studied virulence factors and antibiotic resistance except for biofilm production, as the results indicated a direct correlation between resistance of antibiotics and the production of biofilm from tested Gram negative bacteria. There was a significant association between biofilm formation and the extensivedrug resistant of Pseudomonas isolates compared to Enterobacteriaceae (P= 0.02).
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31033_bc38eaaaa32ed55b1c91fd673e4fcb0c.pdf
2019-11-01
633
643
10.21608/ejbo.2019.6696.1263
Gram negative
Virulence factors
Antibiotic resistance
Lung infection
Nanis
Allam
ngamal1973@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Samia
Shabana
2
Botany Department, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Yehia
Osman
3
Botany Department, Molecular Microbial Lab, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hoda
Nouh
hoda_nouh_28@yahoo.com
4
Botany Department, Microbiology Section, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Production and Assessment of Antioxidant Activity of Exopolysaccharide from Marine Streptomyces globisporus BU2018
MICROBIAL polysaccharides are involved in a wide range of biotechnological applications. Three streptomycetes isolates isolated from marine sediment from Sharm El-Sheikh were screened for their ability to produce exopolysaccharides (EPSs) as well as the antioxidant activity. Streptomyces globisporus BU2018 producing EPS which had the highest antioxidant activity was identified based on morphological, biochemical characteristics as well as molecular analysis of 16S rRNA gene. S. globisporus BU2018 produced 8.5g/L of EPS which was fractionated to give EPSSH3 as a major fraction and subjected to determine its antioxidant activities. Maximum antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical was ~ 92.9±1.3% at 1500μg/ml after 120min and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value was 500μg/ml after 60min. Therefore, the most extreme activity against H2O2 radical was 68.5±1.48% at 1500μg/ml after 60min with IC50 value of about 1000μg/ml after 60min. Moreover, the maximum reducing power activity of exopolysaccharide SH3 (EPSSH3) was at concentration 1000μg/ml and the most extreme metal chelating activity was 90.2% at 1000μg/ml. The EPSSH3 fraction contained uronic acid (65.13%) and no sulfate. The monosaccharide composition was glucuronic acid: galacturonic acid: rhamnose: fructose through molar ratio 4.0: 3.0: 1.0: 1.0, respectively. These indicate that the fraction is acidic heteropolysaccharide. The EPSSH3 had an overall average molecular weight (Mw) of 8.15×105g/mol and number average molecular weight (Mn) of 6.36×105g/mol. Otherwise, the fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis proposed that it belongs to a β-type heteropolysaccharide.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31035_e4b3fa3b1fc36a5c2300c3a9f63bd8bf.pdf
2019-11-01
645
655
10.21608/ejbo.2019.6847.1274
Exopolysaccharides
Streptomyces globisporus
marine habitat
antioxidant
Samir
Abdel-Aziz
samir.abdelaziz@fsc.bu.edu.eg
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
El awady
mohamed_elawady82@yahoo.com
2
Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Nasr El-din
man_atef555@yahoo.com
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
AUTHOR
Heba
Almaraghy
heba.m.ibrahim@gmail.com
4
Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Albahnasy
scientistmido89@gmail.com
5
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antibacterial Potential of a Newly Synthesized Zinc Peroxide Nanoparticles (ZnO2-NPs) to Combat Biofilm-Producing Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa
THE SPREAD of resistant bacteria and the development of bacterial biofilm are two major challenges in the application of biomaterials. The overuse of antibiotics has become a common cause of the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Besides, biofilm infections are notoriously difficult to treat, as the biofilm matrix provides physical protection from antibiotic treatment. Therefore, a variety of new antimicrobial drugs has attracted wide attention in treating infectious diseases developing from MDR bacteria and bacterial biofilms. These drugs are related to an important group based on the use of nanoparticle-based materials. Metal oxide nanoparticles including zinc peroxide nanoparticles (ZnO2-NPs) exhibit remarkable antimicrobial activities against MDR bacteria and hence are one of the most propitious alternative antimicrobial agents. Herein, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized ZnO2-NPs was investigated against 7 clinical MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains using disc diffusion assays on Muller-Hinton agar. These strains were also multi-virulence producers with special reference to hemolysin, pyocyanin, gelatinase, protease, lipase and biofilm production. Clearly, the remarkable significant bactericidal activity of ZnO2-NPs against tested strains was exhibited, with a maximum zone of inhibition of 19.81±1.5mm against P. aeruginosa strain 22 (PA-22) at a concentration of 300μg/ml. In addition, ZnO2-NPs exhibited significant anti-biofilm activity by inhibiting bacterial biofilm formation as revealed spectrophotometrically. This study established the possibility of developing antimicrobial ZnO2-NPs to combat developing drug resistance and biofilm-related infections.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31564_00f8f05bea618c1f089e3bed5ccb0068.pdf
2019-11-01
657
666
10.21608/ejbo.2019.7062.1277
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Zinc peroxide nanoparticles
Multi-drug resistance
Biofilm
Wagih
El-Shounya
elshounyw@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Moawad
msalaheldean@gmail.com
2
Department of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ashraf
Haider
ashrafhaider@hotmail.com
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
Sameh
Ali
samh@ujs.edu.cn
4
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Somaia
Nouh
sumaya.shawki@gmail.com
5
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Characterization and Antibacterial Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa Extracts
MICROCYSTIS aeruginosa MDEG1 strain from El-Manzala Lake (Damietta, Egypt) was identified classically by its morphological characteristics. Its identification was confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Different concentrations (1, 10, 25 and 50mg/ml) of petroleum ether and chloroform of M. aeruginosa MDEG1 extracts were examined for their antibacterial activity by well diffusion technique. Petroleum ether extract had a high activity against K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Chloroform extract exhibited higher activity against K. pneumoniae. Gas chromatography, mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) and H-proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis revealed the presence of Hexadecanoic acid (Palmitic acid) and its methyl ester derivative as major constituents of petroleum ether and chloroform algal extract, that might be involved in their antibacterial activity. The cytomorphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for treated K. pneumonia (Nosocomial infection bacteria) with M. aeruginosa extract (Chloroform, 50mg/ml) showed appearance of giant cell formation, while transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed ruptured bacterial cell wall damage with extrusion of cytoplasmic content indicating its bactericidal effect.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31030_18290dc489e19a5da76c5464100bce21.pdf
2019-11-01
667
677
10.21608/ejbo.2019.1249.1109
Cyanobacteria
<i> M. aeruginosa </i>
antimicrobial activity
SEM
TEM
Mohamed
Deyab
maideyab@yahoo.com
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta El-Gededa, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
El-Sayed
akaelsayed@du.edu.eg
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta El-Gededa, Egypt
AUTHOR
Seham
Abu Ahmed
snowwhite20144@yahoo.com
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta El-Gededa, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Changes in the Profiling of Fatty Acids of Glycine max L. (Soybean) Callus after Mutagen Treatments
THE AIM of present study was to produce healthy friable calli from soybean cultivar Giza 111 and studying the effect of sodium azide (SA) and ethidium bromide (EtBr) mutagens on its fatty acids (FAs) profile. Seeds were surface sterilized with clorox and ethanol, then cultured on solid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) to produce 14-days-old in vitro plantlets. Callus induction from hypocotyl (H), cotyledon (C), epicotyl (E) and leaf (L) explants were tested using different combinations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acids (2,4-D) and N6-benzyladenine (BA). M4 (MS+ 0.5mg/L BA) medium was found to be the supreme medium for callus proliferation. Both H-and E-explants were the best explants for this proliferation. Growth dynamics of H- and E-calli was established. The best harvesting time for both calli was the 4th week. H-calli were the most rapidly growing one. The concentrations 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5mM of each mutagen with two soaking times (½ and 1hr) were used for the treatment of H-calli. After mutagenic treatment, treated-H-calli were cultured on callus induction media. A month later, FAs profiling of mutated and control H-calli were performed using gas liquid chromatography (GLC). The Fw pattern of SA and EtBr-treated-H-calli were similar to the control one but with lower values. Saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated-fatty acids (UFAs) contents were raised up by increasing the concentrations of SA and time of incubation. In EtBr-treated-H-calli, marked elevations of SFAs over UFAs were recorded exhibiting a switch in their balance by increasing concentrations and soaking times.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31032_283d0486ed8e75bb9a3312f92d8c49e8.pdf
2019-11-01
679
694
10.21608/ejbo.2019.6176.1250
Calli
2
4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acids
fatty acids
Glycine max L
N6-benzyladenine mutagens
Rehab
Hafez
rehabhafez@sci.cu.edu.eg
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdallah
Mohammed
20140459@std.sci.cu.edu.eg
2
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abd El-Rahman
Abd El-Naby
bodyclan1996@yahoo.com
3
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ali
Tolba
ali_ali20111143@yahoo.com
4
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Eslam
Khalifa
eslamyousif36@yahoo.com
5
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hamed
Hamed
playhard-workhard@hotmail.com
6
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Abdullah
modda996@gmail.com
7
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Ahmed
mmfa9600@hotmail.com
8
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohammed
Hekal
moh4sh96@gmail.com
9
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Dalia
Ali
memodoshe4@gmail.com
10
Biotechnology/Bimolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antifungal Potential of the Bioactive Constituents in Extracts of the Mostly Untapped Brown Seaweed Hormophysa cuneiformis from The Egyptian Coastal Waters
MYCOSES and plant fungal pathogens are limiting factors highly affecting public health and crop production. Some fungal strains have been documented to be resistant to the commonly used drugs. Therefore, finding out new and pivotal antifungal drugs is becoming a global priority. Herein, we evaluated the in vitro antifungal activities of different crude polar (methanol and ethyl acetate) and non-polar (chloroform and petroleum ether) extracts of the mostly untapped brown seaweed Hormophysa cuneiformis (order Fucales, Phaeophyceae), in the Egyptian coastal waters, against eight pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Candida albicans and Trichosporonas ahii (as human pathogens), and Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium digitatum (as plant pathogens). The agar well diffusion assay was applied. Our findings showed that the chloroform extract only exhibited a potential antifungal activity against all tested fungal isolates, particularly T. asahii, C. albicans, A. fumigatus and C. herbarum, while the other extracts had relatively no remarkable effects. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged between 0.78 and 6.25μg.ml-1 and these values are very close to those of the standard antifungal drug amphotericin B (0.63–5μg.ml-1). GC–MS analysis of the crude chloroform extract revealed 45 different bioactive compounds, mainly including 18 different species of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (71.48%) and some essential oils. The major constituents were arachidonic (C20:4, ω–6; 16.18%), oleic (C18:1, ω–9; 15.61%), palmitic (C16:0; 9.18%) and dihomo-γ-linolenic (C20:3, ω–6; 8.97%) fatty acids.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31031_2408ef53a8d109189520b4b6a8c70baa.pdf
2019-11-01
695
708
10.21608/ejbo.2019.5516.1225
Hormophysa cuneiformis
Brown seaweeds, Fatty acids, Essential oils, Antifungal activity, Pathogenic fungi
Samar
Mohamed
samar_samer78@yahoo.com
1
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdullah
Saber
abdullah_elattar@sci.asu.edu.eg
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Eco-Friendly Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Egyptian Honey: Evaluating its Antibacterial Activities
THIS RESEARCH article describes a strong approach for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that employs a local black seed honey (BSH). Honey was chosen as the eco-friendly reducing and stabilizing agent replacing most reported reducing agents which represent highly biological risk to the society and environment. Honey reduced silver ions into AgNPs after 20min in a stirred reaction mixture. Nanoparticles of different sizes were obtained, and the solution turned black over time. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was investigated against eight pathogenic bacterial strains; five Gram-negative and three Gram-positive. AgNPs were potentially effective against the Gram-negative more than Gram-positive bacterial strains. E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the highly susceptible strains with 6.3μg/ml minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). The AgNPs were characterized by perform UV-visible spectroscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The colloid obtained at a pH of 9 was found to be spherical in shape and was distributed with a certain amount of agglomeration. An intense surface plasmon resonance band at 400nm in the UV-visible spectrum clearly revealed the formation of AgNPs after 72hr. TEM showed spherically shaped AgNPs, and the sizes of the nanoparticles ranged from 25-70nm. AgNPs had broad spectrum antibacterial property thus it can be explored further for medical and therapeutic applications.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31621_7ba84c75e74acd1336e0e166dded8d95.pdf
2019-11-01
709
721
10.21608/ejbo.2019.6597.1261
Black seed honey (BSH)
Green synthesis
Characterization of silver nanoparticles
Pathogenic strains
Antibacterial activity
Ghada
Youssef
aminghada66@gmail.com
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Aliaa
El-Boraey
aliaa_elborai2007@yahoo.com
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mai
Abdel-Tawab
maii.mahfouzz@gmail.com
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in some Egyptian Hospitals: Evaluation of the Use of blaOXA-51-like Gene as Species Specific Marker for CRAB
CARBAPENEM resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) now leads the WHO’s critical priority list of nosocomial pathogens worldwide. Carbapenem Hydrolysing Class D β-lactamases (CHDL) -“OXA-type β-lactamases”- is of great concern. In this study, bacterial isolates recovered from different clinical samples collected from three different hospitals in Cairo from October 2014 to May 2015. The isolates were identified using Vitek 2 and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Acinetobacter baumannii isolates represented 16.1% of the total Gram negative isolates. Susptibility test revealed that 88.9% were CRAB, 65% of imipenem resistant isolates and 57.5% of meropenem resistant isolates had chromosomal mediated resistance. Forty CRAB isolates were identified and screened for blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-51-like and blaOXA-58-like genes.The most prevalent gene was blaOXA-51-like which was detected in 95% of the isolates followed by blaOXA-23-like and blaOXA-24-like in 90% of the isolates. However, blaOXA-58-like was not detected in any of the isolates. The absence of blaOXA-51-like in 5% of CRAB isolates proving the inconvenience of using blaOXA-51-like as a species specific region for identification of CRAB by PCR. In addition, all isolates harbored more than one OXA gene, 75% were blaOXA-23/OXA-24/OXA-51 carriers while 25% harbored two OXA genes. This study revealed the emergence of blaOXA-24-like gene in CRAB for the first time in Egyptian hospitals.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_32108_5561b43b0d804af70bdf089abcb3513f.pdf
2019-11-01
723
733
10.21608/ejbo.2019.10095.1297
A. baumannii
Carbapenem resistance, Multiple blaOXA genes, blaOXA-51-like, Plasmid curing
Sahar
Tolba
saharaak@hotmail.com
1
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Einas
El Shatoury
shatourye@hotmail.com
2
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Nermine
Abo AlNasr
neno-mic@hotmail.com
3
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Potassium Synergize the Positive Effect of Ascorbic Acid on some Morpho-physiological Parameters of Salt Stressed Faba Bean Cultivars
THIS WORK was undertaken to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid (AsA) and potassium (K) on some morpho-physiological parameters of two Vicia faba L cultivars (Giza 843 and Giza 716) grown in nutrient solutions containing different concentrations of NaCl (50, 100 and 150mM NaCl) and K (5, 10 and 15mM) for two weeks. In general, under saline conditions, significant reduction in plant biomass and chlorophylls was detected. Seed presoaking in AsA solution resulted in massive increase in growth parameters and chlorophyll contents in both genotypes of stressed and non-stressed plants, but it depended on K concentration, 15mM K was the best. The positive effect of AsA on growth of salt stressed plants was not manifested when K concentration was low (5mM). In both genotypes, carbohydrate and protein contents increased as NaCl increased. Further significant-increase in their contents was detected when seeds were soaked in AsA and plants were cultured under salt stress; it depended on K concentration in the nutrient solution, 15mM K was the best. This type of synergizing between AsA and K on carbohydrate and protein contents was absent under low concentration of K. Sodium increased but K, Mg and Ca contents decreased in both cultivars under salt stress especially when K concentration was low (5mM). Under stressed or unstressed conditions, significant decrease in Na but significant increase in K, Ca and Mg contents due to AsA was detected and it was proportional to K concentration, 15mM K was the best.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_32101_3a6a5ce674bd1a32ad06d5781f8225a6.pdf
2019-11-01
735
751
10.21608/ejbo.2019.7523.1281
ascorbic acid
Organic solutes
potassium
<i> Vicia faba </i>
Naglaa
Loutfy
naglaaloutfy@yahoo.com
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Azooz
azzozm@yahoo.com
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
Ahmed
Hassanein
hassaneinam@yahoo.com
3
Central Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
AUTHOR
Abdelkader
Bassiony
abdelkader_basuney@yahoo.com
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of Cadmium Concentrations of Vegetables Grown in Soil Irrigated with Wastewater: Evaluation of Health Risk to the Public
THE MAIN objective of the study was to determine the cadmium (Cd) concentrations in vegetables grown in soil irrigated with canal water and sewage water. The samples were analysed by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean Cd concentrations in soil ranged between 1.153-2.294mg/kg and the mean Cd concentrations (mg/kg) in vegetables ranged from 0.789 to 1.575, 0.210 to 0.423, 0.264 to 0.523, 0.203 to 0.404, 0.169 to 0.334, 0.223 to 0.443, 0.723 to 1.443 and 0.344 to 1.450mg/kg for Raphanus sativus, Brassica rapa, Zingiber officinale, Capsicum baccatum, Capsicum frutescens, Capsicum annuum, Solanum lycopersicum and Curcuma longa, respectively. The recorded health risk index value for Cd concentration was greater than 1 in each vegetable and these values were higher than the determined permissible limit. In all vegetables, health risk index values for Cd were higher during sewage water treatments as compared to the canal water treatments. Finally, the study showed that bioaccumulation of Cd in vegetable samples was high in the study area.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_32104_a6647358053532a36fed6f51cabec96b.pdf
2019-11-01
753
762
10.21608/ejbo.2019.9969.1296
cadmium
Soil
vegetable
Health risk
Wastewater
Zafar
Khan
zafar.khan@uos.edu.pk
1
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Anam
Nisar
haseebw2017@gmail.com
2
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Ilker
Ugulu
ilkerugulu@gmail.com
3
Faculty of Education, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
AUTHOR
Kafeel
Ahmad
kafeeluaf@yahoo.com
4
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Kinza
Wajid
knzwajid@gmail.com
5
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Humayun
Bashir
humayunuos@gmail.com
6
Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Yunus
Dogan
yunus.dogan@deu.edu.tr
7
Buca Faculty of Education, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physiological Impact of Seed Priming with CaCl2 or Carrot Root Extract on Lupinus termis Plants Fully Grown under Salinity Stress
SEEDS of Lupinus termis (cv. Gemmeza R2) were primed by presoaking for six hr in 100% aqueous extract of carrot roots or 10mM CaCl2 solution, sown and left to grow for 30 days on clay-sandy soil (2:1 w/w). Seven-day-old seedlings grown from primed and unprimed seeds were exposed to salinity stress at 150mM NaCl. Salinity stress caused decreases in lengths, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots, leaf water content and photosynthetic pigments. Total soluble sugars, proteins, alkaloids, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase and peroxidase activities and ascorbate content were elevated by salinity stress. Priming of lupine seeds with CaCl2 or carrot root extract reversed all of the previous mentioned decreases and increases. Transmission electron microscope results revealed that salinity caused detachment of the plasma membrane from cell walls, degeneration of chloroplast membranes, disorganization of grana, disappearance of some nucleoli and the appearance of some abnormal nuclei. Seed priming preserved the intact cell wall structure, integrity of chloroplast membranes, normal grana organization and nuclear structure with well-defined nucleoli, comparable to those of the control seedlings.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_32170_bade4ae362218c15ca83d434be2f3d2b.pdf
2019-11-01
763
777
10.21608/ejbo.2019.8026.1289
antioxidants
calcium
Carrot
<i> Lupinus termis </i>
priming
salinity
Ultrastructure
Afaf
Nessim
afaf_nessim@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Wedad
Kasim
wedkasim@yahoo.com
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
First Palynological Record from the Upper Carboniferous/Lower Permian Succession in West Beni Suef Basin, Egypt, with Paleoecological and Paleogeographical Implications
FOR THE FIRST time, a palynological assemblage was recovered from the Safi Formation in the west Beni Suef Basin of the Western Desert in Egypt. A total of 65 miospore taxa were recognized; they included 31 species of pteridophyte spores (related to 20 genera) and 34 species of gymnosperm pollen (related to 14 genera). The dominance of monosaccate pollen confirms an age not older than Westphalian (Late Carboniferous) as documented in various Gondwanan basins. Besides the restricted presence and limited counts of typical guide taeniate bisaccate and non-taeniate bisaccate pollen in the present assemblage constrain and limit the age to the Asselian (Early Permian) and not younger. The paleovegetation of the studied palynoassemblage is reconstructed based on the paleobotanical affinities of the identified miospores, which are generally consistent with other macrofloral fossil records obtained from Egyptian outcrops during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian. The paleoecological significance of the reconstructed paleovegetation enabled the recognition of two paleofloral communities: A lowland paleoflora represented by a cold climate wetland fern community associated with Lycopsida and Sphenopsida and an upland paleoflora dominated by a primitive group of gymnospermic plants with a unique moisture-independent reproduction strategy developed under the influence of a glacial climate. The high representation of the bilaterally or radially symmetrical monosaccate pollen genera, which are typical Late Paleozoic Gondwanan gymnospermic vegetation, in the present material supports the hypothesis that Egypt’s Western Desert was part of the Gondwanan floral province during the Late Carboniferous/Early Permian.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_33907_fe8e85755fbdac7d11c1c5a380f1148d.pdf
2019-11-01
779
801
10.21608/ejbo.2019.10083.1298
Egypt
Gondwana Province
Late Carboniferous/Early Permian
Miospores
Paleoecology
Paleogeography
Zainab
El-Noamani
zainabelnoamani@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sameh
Tahoun
stahoun@yahoo.com
2
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Fissidens Species to Moss Flora of Saudi Arabia
FISSIDENS Hedw. is the unique genus in family Fissidentaceae Schimp. It is represented by only six taxa (out of ca. 440 species) in Saudi Arabia. In the present work three species, collected from Asir and Makkah regions, were recorded. One species (Fissidens crispulus Brid.) is a new record to Saudi Arabia, while the second (F. arnoldii R. Ruthe) is a new record to Makkah region and the third (F. crispus Mont.) was recorded previously from the study area. Key, comments, sites of collection, habitats, distributions and floristic elements of the three Fissidens species are given. The description, illustration and distribution map of the new recorded species in Saudi Arabia is also provided.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_33908_1f71c15878afb8d5b5073670411c2d97.pdf
2019-11-01
803
810
10.21608/ejbo.2019.11691.1305
Saudi Arabia
new record
<i> Fissidens crispulus </i>
Asir
Makkah
Mai
Taha
maitaha33@yahoo.com
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hanaa
Shabbara
shabbarah@yahoo.com
2
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Production and Application of Thermostable Glucoamylase from Thermotolerant Aspergillus fumigatus via Semisolid State Fermentation
A THERMOTOLERANT fungus Aspergillus fumigatus isolated from agriculture soil, Beheira Governorate, Egypt was screened from other fungal isolates for its high glucoamylase activity. The identification of the fungus based on morphology and sequence analysis of ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2. Five crop wastes (wheat bran, wheat straw, rice hulls, rice straw and broken rice grain) were used to induce the thermostable glucoamylase production by A. fumigatus via semisolid state fermentation. Wheat bran is the most suitable waste for glucoamylase production by the tested fungus which further improved using Plackett-Burman and Box-Behnken designs. Optimum conditions for the production of thermostable amylase are reached at pH 6, wheat bran 1gm, yeast extract 6mg/gm, berij 35 40μL/gm, (NH4)2SO4 24mg/gm and an inoculum of 6x 105spore/ml with thermostable glucoamylase production titer of 161.11U/gm after 6 days.FeCl3, BaCl2, and CaCl2 positively affect glucoamylase activity with highest main effect value of FeCl3 ions where MgCl2 has the highest negative main effect on activity. The kinetic constants Km is 1.37mg/ml with three bands in zymogram. Moreover the enzyme showed good cleaning effect when applied in starch patches in textile. Glucoamylase of A. fumigatus exhibited good thermostability as it loss only 28.95% from its original activity after treatment with heat at 80°C for 3hr. Finally, the thermostable glucoamylase from A. fumigatus can be produced from cheap agrowaste via simple fermentation technique.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_33948_7a72d1e591108383150c5bfcc3023cfa.pdf
2019-11-01
811
826
10.21608/ejbo.2019.5661.1228
Thermostable glucoamylase
Aspergillus fumigatus KJ432867
Plackett-Burman
Box-Behnken
Mohammad
El-Metwally
mmmyco@gmail.com
1
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Youssef
Mohammed
youssefmoustafa@ymail.com
2
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Bioactivity of Pulicaria undulata (L.) Methanolic Extract and Essential Oil
PULICARIA UNDULATA is one of the aromatic annual herbs used in folk medicine in Egypt. The aerial parts of P. undulata plants were collected from the Red sea coastal desert during the flowering stage and used for phytochemical analysis. It was revealed that P. undulata aerial portions contain phenols, flavonoids terpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, glucosinolates and cardiac glycosides highlighting its participation in drug development and using as an alternative strategy to the harmful synthetic fungicides. The greater accumulation of the bioactive compounds in the methanolic extract was comparable with its higher antioxidant capacity and IC50 value as compared with those of the petroleum ether extract. The GC-MS analysis revealed the occurrence of ten bioactive phytocomponents including cyclotrisiloxane, hexamethyl-, cyclotetrasiloxane, octamethyl-, cyclopentasiloxane, decamethyl, dodecanoic acid, methyl ester, tetrafluorophthalonitrile, gamma-Sitosterol, nonacosane, 4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl ,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-octadecahydro-2H-picen-3-one, thiazolo[4,5-f]quinoline and 7-methyl-. In addition, the methanolic extract exhibited antifungal activity against the investigated six pathogenic fungal strains: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, Microsporum boulardii and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Based on the values of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC), the methanolic extract has demonstrated a fungicidal effect on M. boulardii IFM 56403, T. mentagrophytes AUMC 11661, M. canis AUMC 11663, and C. albicans AUMC 9142. The cytotoxicity evaluation of the methanolic extract showed safe levels in case of these four fungal strains. The petroleum ether extract, inhibited the tested fungi but with lower efficiency. Our results suggest the promising antifungal activity of P. undulata on medically important fungi.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_33949_289b8f55f92de67a852643ad8e888dab.pdf
2019-11-01
827
844
10.21608/ejbo.2019.12259.1308
<i> Pulucaria undulata </i>
phytochemicals
GC-MS
Antifungals
Nesma
Helal
nesmaflax@yahoo.co.uk
1
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nevin
Ibrahim
nevin_a_ibrahim@yahoo.com
2
Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hemmat
Khattab
dr.hemmat@hotmail.com
3
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Efficacy of Ozonized Water for Fungal Decontamination of Fresh Fruit Pieces Decorating Dessert Cakes
SEVEN different fresh-cut fruit samples prepared for decorating cakes were screened for fungal contamination. The contamination of the fruits ranged from 8 to 242CFU/g and are arranged in descending order as follow: Strawberry> banana> raspberries> pineapples> mangoes> papaya> kiwi. The most common fungi recovered from the fruits were (CFU/g); Rhizopus oryzae (125), Mucor mucedo (63), Botrytis cinerea (60), Alternaria alternata (54), and Aspergillus flavus (47). The Efficacy of ozonized water to eliminate fungal contamination associated with fresh fruits was evaluated compared with hypochlorite and acetic acid as commercial disinfectants. Application of 1ppm ozonized water for 2min was the most efficient method and induced a complete reduction of fungi by 100% in case of all investigated fruits except strawberries that revealed 98.2%. Strawberries were the most mycotoxin-contaminated fruit showing aflatoxins, alternariol and patulin recording 2.6, 531.0 and 83.2μg/kg, respectively. Treatment with ozonized water even when applied at 1ppm for one minute was sufficient and effective in complete elimination of mycotoxins in fruits. In SEM image, the ozonized water-treated spores appeared irregular and deformed, with obvious necrotic lesions and disruptions in the walls. As well, there was an increase in activity of hepatic enzymes in serum namely; AST, ALT and ALP that detected in guinea pigs using water mixed with strawberries extract from contaminated fruit compared to those consuming tap water. Guinea pigs consuming tap water mixed with extract from ozonized-treated strawberries did not significantly induce marked change in the most hematological values compared to the control.
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_60231_64d9d8f88ffa3e3a10ea1c99a86437f7.pdf
2019-11-01
845
855
10.21608/ejbo.2019.19020.1377
Ozonized water
Flesh fruits
Fungal contamination
Mycotoxins
SEM
Guinea pigs
Salama
Ouf
saoufeg@yahoo.com
1
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Khaled
El-Yasergy
khaledelyaser@yahoo.com
2
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Hebatullah
Mohammed
3
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR
Mohamed
Abd El-Ghany
dr.mohamed.naguib@gmail.com
4
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
AUTHOR