National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Marine Microalga Isochrysis galbana and their Antibacterial Activity Against Pathogenic Bacteria371379112510.21608/ejbo.2017.1125ENSoad M. Mohy El-DinBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Alexandria UniversityHeba S. El SaidNational Institute of Oceanography
and Fisheries, Alexandria,Journal Article20150812CURRENTLY, there is a growing need to develop environmentally<br />…. benign nanoparticle synthesis process that does not use toxic<br />chemicals in the synthesis protocols. Synthesis of nanomaterials by<br />biological approach is innovative, cheaper and environmentally<br />friendly. In this regard, the present study focused on the synthesis of<br />silver nanoparticles from the microalga Isochrysis galbana. The silver<br />nanoparticle produced by marine microalga Isochrysis galbana when<br />incubated with silver nitrate solution at the same culture condition for<br />24 h and was detected by UV-Vis spectrophotometer, Energy<br />dispersive X-ray (EDX-ray) and Transmission electron microscope.<br />The synthesized silver nitrate nanoparticles from the marine microalga<br />Isochrysis galbana showed the pronounced antibacterial activity<br />against the tested human pathogens Escherichia coli and Proteus<br />vulgaris. The above eco-friendly synthesis procedure of silver nitrate<br />nanoparticles could be easily scaled up in future for the industrial and<br />therapeutic needs.<br /><br />https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1125_20e72e481c2a9e4a32da269fc25859f5.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Phytotoxicity of Rosmarinus officinalisL. and Salvia officinalis L. to Control the Noxious Weed, Panicum turgidum Forssk.381393112610.21608/ejbo.2017.1126ENEman T. El-KenanyDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science,
Alexandria UniversityAmal M. FakhryDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science,
Alexandria UniversityJournal Article20150908PETRI-DISH experiments were applied to investigate the<br />potential allelopathic effects of cold and hot aqueous extracts of<br /><em>Rosmarinus officinalis</em> and <em>Salvia officinalis</em> on germination<br />percentage, relative germination percentage, and inhibition percentage<br />as well as plumule and radicle lengths of Panicum turgidum. The<br />results indicate that the degree of inhibition of seed germination and<br />the growth of the recipient species was largely dependent on the<br />concentration of the extracts of both donor species. The effect was<br />statistically significant at p ≤ 0.05 for most treatments. The p resent<br />the study recommends the use of the two donor species for the biocontrol<br />of weeds like Panicum turgidum.<br /><br />https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1126_f3125d89f24339bcd68d2ea204690a4c.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Physicochemical and Microbiological Studies on Suez Fresh Water Canal395408112910.21608/ejbo.2017.1129ENSalha, G. DesoukyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Suez University, SuezNehal, K. AminBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Suez University, SuezJournal Article20160930SIX LOCALITIES along the Suez freshwater canal were studied.<br />……The characterization of water quality included physical,<br />biochemical and microbiological analyses. The obtained results<br />showed that the maximum turbidity was recorded at Abu Atwa station<br />(70 NTU), while maximum electrical conductivity (EC) were recorded<br />at two sites, Suez water station and Amir village (633 and 607<br />μS/cm). Results also indicated high level in the organic load<br />represented by an increase in the biological oxygen demand (BOD)<br />and chemical oxygen demand (COD) above the permissible levels at<br />Amir village and Abu Atwa sites, while slight increase in (COD) was<br />observed at Kobry El Saal and Sarabium water station. The total<br />viable bacterial count (TVB) ranged from 4.7× 102 to 20.2×102 cfu/ml,<br />which greatly exceeded the permissible levels also the fecal coliform<br />and fecal streptococci were detected in all investigated sites. The<br />isolation of actinomycetes from Suez fresh water canal sediments by<br />enrichment culture technique resulted in two isolates (N1 and N2)<br />using DDT enrichment technique. The isolate N2 showed weak results<br />in biodegradation of selected hydrocarbons, while N1 showed much<br />more activity, so its identification was confirmed by phylogenic<br />analyses and selected for further investigation. Conclusion, the water<br />characteristics demonstrated water quality deterioration especially in<br />the Amir village which may be due to industrial and domestic<br />wastewater from human and agriculture activities.<br /><br />https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1129_32cd72b5ff4389ed082adf5f16f70776.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Comparative Morphology and Surface Microsculpture of Cypsela in Some Taxa of the Asteraceae and Their Taxonomic Significance409422113310.21608/ejbo.2017.1133ENH. A. HusseinDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University,
ZagazigMarwa M. EldemerdashDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University,
ZagazigJournal Article20151012MACRO- and micromorphological characteristics of cypsela in 13<br />species and one subspecies representing genera: Carthamus L.,<br />Centaurea L. Cichorium L., Cirsium Mill., Crepis L., Lactuca L.,<br />Picris L., Reichardia Roth, and Sonchus L.; belonging to the two tribes<br />Cardueae and Cichorieae of the Asteraceae were examined under<br />stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The<br />cypsela macromorphological features including; cypsela length<br />measurements, colour, shape, surface texture and the number of ribs<br />when present as well as the abscission scar characteristics and details<br />of the surface, microsculpture peculiarities were investigated. The<br />cypsela length and colour presented a minor taxonomic value.<br />However, the other remaining features were proved to be primarily<br />diagnostic at the species level and sometimes at the genus level but not<br />distinctive for any of the two tribes. In addition, these features were<br />very useful in the precise technical identification of the examined<br />cypselae. An identification key for the studied taxa, based on the<br />investigated aspects, was presented.<br /> https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1133_f60bc75af11b3aa0dad6614b8c9492f8.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220160201In vivo Evaluation of Antimicrobial Effect of Methanolic Extract of Chlorella vulgaris on Impetigo and Some Dermatophytes423437113610.21608/ejbo.2016.1136ENM. M. El-SheekhBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University,Shimaa M. El-ShafayBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University,Enas M. El-BallatBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University,Journal Article20151012IMPETIGO is one of the infectious superficial bacterial diseases and its<br />treatment with antimicrobial agents may cause serious problems. So, a<br />test of new microbial infection-fighting natural compounds is necessary. In<br />the present study, histological examinations of the experimental animals<br />revealed the effectiveness and safety of<i> Chlorella vulgaris </i>methanolic<br />extract ointment used in the treatment of impetigo, tinea corporis and<br />cutaneous candidiasis without any side effects on skin tissues. In addition,<br />examination of skin sections treated with C.<i> Chlorella vulgaris</i> extract<br />possessed no significant toxic effects. The skin appeared with normal<br />epidermis as the keratinized fibers of stratum corneum were regularly<br />arranged, appeared condensed without any disruption. The dermis<br />appeared normal with minimal inflammatory cellular to infiltrate with<br />the formation of hair follicles and sweat glands in comparison with a healthy<br />skin. According to the chemical analyses of<i> Chlorella vulgaris</i>, the<br />antimicrobial material was defined as a phenolic compound having the<br />following formula C14H17NO4 and the suggested structure could be 2- (1-<br />hydroxy-2- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-2- methoxyethyl - 4- oxopentane nitrile.<br /><br />https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1136_39616563c0db81f181cd4e121a93fb7e.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220160201Effect of Vitamin C Pre-treatment on Germination, Seedling Growth and some Metabolic Activities of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) under Different Temperatures.439449114410.21608/ejbo.2016.1144ENHanan. M. Abou El-GhitDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science,
University of Helwan,Journal Article20151029VITAMIN C pretreatments showed pronounced mitigating effects<br />…..on kidney bean under different temperatures, where the<br />germination %, seedling gr owth and vigor were significantly<br />increased, compared with the corresponding results obtained under<br />exposure to different temperatures without vitamin C pretreatments.<br />A similar trend was shown with regard to total chlorophyll, total<br />carbohydrate and soluble protein contents. Lower temperatures as well<br />as vitamin C pretreatments led to higher accumulation of soluble sugar<br />contents in seedlings. Proline content was considerably increased by<br />lower temperature levels and vitamin C pretreatments also enhanced<br />its increase. Vitamin C was assumed to act synergistically with lower<br />temperatures in decreasing proline dehydrogenase level. The activity<br />levels of some hydrolytic enzymes and antioxidant enzymes were<br />affected by both lower temperatures and vitamin C treatments. Thus,<br />amylase and protease activities were significantly increased by lower<br />temperatures and vitamin C pretreatments. Catalase and ascorbate<br />peroxidase activities were remarkably elevated by decreasing<br />temperature but were decreased as a result of vitamin C pretreatments.<br />Higher vitamin C levels were more effective in alleviating the adverse<br />effects of lower temperature on the above mentioned criteria of the<br />kidney bean.<br /><br />https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1144_d62850e494dec4e1140cb6dcc5d57e3e.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220160201Ecophysiological Conditions Affecting Growth and Ochratoxin A Production by Aspergillus terreus HA2 and Aspergillus fumigatus HA1 Isolated from Egyptian Rice Grains451469114510.21608/ejbo.2016.1145ENHala. A. AmmarDepartment of Botany, faculty of Science, Zagazig UniversityEman A. HelmyThe Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology,)BMCR(
Al-Azhar University,Journal Article20151103OCHRATOXIN A (OTA) is one of the most significant<br />……..mycotoxins of worldwide concern for human health. Various<br />fungi which are ubiquitous contaminants of Egyptian cereals, pre- and<br />post- harvest can produce OTA under ecophysiological conditions.<br />Sixty two fungal isolates belonging to four genera have been isolated<br />from Egyptian cereals. Nine isolates have the ability to produce OTA<br />namely; A. ochraceus, A. terreus, A. fumigatus, A. alliaceus, A.<br />carbonarius, A. niger, A. sclerotioniger, A. versicolor and P.<br />verrucosum. The highest OTA producer strains which isolated from<br />Egyptian rice grains are, A. ochraceus, A. terreus and A. fumigatus. A.<br />terreus and A. fumigatus were selected for this study. Both strains<br />show optimum growth rate using Yeast Extract Sucrose (YES) culture<br />medium, incubation temperature at 30<br />o<br />C with 0.98 water activity (aw)<br />after 7 days. Maximum OTA production has been obtained for both<br />strains at 0.98 aw at 25-30<br />o<br />C after 14 and 21 days in the culture<br />medium and rice grains respectively. The two strains failed to grow<br />and to produce OTA at 8<br />o<br />C on YES medium and rice grains at all<br />tested conditions. No OTA was detected at 0.85aw in culture medium,<br />while the two fungal strains couldn‟t grow on rice at the same aw and<br />failed to produce OTA at 0.90 aw at all tested temperature during the<br />21 days incubation period. Conclusively our results show that the use<br />of different storage practices of water activity (aw) and<br />temperature levels below 0.90 and 20°C, respectively, enhance<br />controlling fungal contamination and minimizing the OTA production<br />in rice grains.<br /><br />https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1145_9316573fcaac9a5f6924b5ca028a2be4.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Role of Bio-Fertilizer Treatments in Alleviating the Adverse Effect of Water Stress in Mangifera indica471488114610.21608/ejbo.2017.1146ENR.R. Khalil*Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Benha University,
Benha,Hoda A. GalalEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute
(ESRI), University of Sadat City, MenofeiaW.B. DarwischEnvironmental Studies and Research Institute
(ESRI), University of Sadat City, MenofeiaJournal Article20151004WATER stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that<br />…….....may limit agriculture production worldwide. This work was<br />carried out on mango trees (Mangifera indica L.) to<br />study the effect of exposure to different levels of drought stress (65, 75,<br />85 and 100 % of full irrigation requirements), in addition, to evaluating<br />the role of using some plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGRP);<br />such as Azospirillum and Azotobacter, in alleviating drought-induced<br />changes. Physiological and biochemical changes were determined in<br />mango leaves after two seasons of different treatments. Results<br />indicated that membrane stability, photosynthetic pigments and<br />insoluble sugar contents were significantly decreased with increasing<br />drought levels, while electrolyte leakage, soluble sugars, total<br />carbohydrates and proline content were sharply increased compared to<br />control. Lipid peroxidation level and the activities of superoxide<br />dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes<br />showed progressive increases with drought levels. Application of biofertilizers<br />may be effective in alleviating the adverse effect of water<br />stress. Bio-fertilizers caused marked increase in photosynthetic<br />pigments and carbohydrate contents and a decrease in proline content<br />compared to control.<br /><br />https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1146_2cf27cba05d9299291cdeccb141cc672.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Biological and Molecular Studies on an Egyptian Potyvirus Isolate from Hyocyamus muticus L.489505114710.21608/ejbo.2017.1147ENReham1* M. ElbazBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Helwan University.E.T. Abd El-SalamBotany and Microbiology Department,
Faculty of Science, Cairo University,M.E. OsmanBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Helwan UniversityAsmaa F. Abd El-MonemBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Helwan UniversityJournal Article20151129ANEW isolate of potyvirus was isolated from naturally-infected<br />……. henbane plants (Hyocyamus muticus L.) collected from the<br />farm of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University in January 2013. The<br />naturally infected henbane plants exhibited severe mosaic, rugosity,<br />blistering and malformation. Thermal inactivation point, dilution end<br />point and longevity in vitro of virus isolate were found to be 65 ºC,<br />10- 4 and 4 days, respectively. Electron micrograph of partial purified<br />virus negat ively s t ained wit h 2% p hosp hot unges t ic acid<br />revealed the presence of filamentous viruses with size 1440 X14.3nm.<br />Total RNA was extracted from infected henbane plant. Comparative<br />nucleotide sequence analysis for virus showed a high degree of<br />similarity (62 %) with four potyviruses accessions (EU482153: Potato<br />virus Y isolate Foggia, KF850513: Potato virus Y isolate M3,<br />AM184113: Henbane mosaic virus partial gene for polyprotein-<br />PHYS/H isolate, AY166867: Potato virus Y strain N isolate). The<br />virus isolate was published in GenBank with accession number<br />KM497011.<br /><br />https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1147_16b9d041c3facf75d9d199ea6a4c2b9e.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Mutagenic Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Phenotype and Enzyme Activities in Aspergillus niger507526114810.21608/ejbo.2017.1148ENEsmat E. AlyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo
UniversityNeveen M. KhalilBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo
UniversityG. Abd- El-HamidBotany Research Department, Nuclear Research
Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityM.A. Abo-El-SouedBotany Research Department, Nuclear Research
Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityHeba S. MostafaBotany Research Department, Nuclear Research
Center, Egyptian Atomic Energy AuthorityJournal Article20151206THIS STUDY aimed at investigating the effect of gamma irradiation<br />…… on the phenotypic characters of Aspergillus niger and its impact<br />on the activities of some enzymes such as lipase, protease, cellulase,<br />pectinase and amylase. Two phenotypically different mutants were<br />obtained after gamma irradiation at doses of 1 and 3 kGy. SEM<br />microscopy showed clear morphological changes in conidiophores,<br />conidial heads and spores among all strains. The activities of lipase,<br />protease and cellulase in both mutants become less than that of the<br />parent strain, while, pectinase showed no significant difference among<br />the tested strains. Amylase activity was enhanced by gammairradiation<br />in the mutants. The obtained mutants were molecularly<br />characterized using RAPD-PCR. The results demonstrated the<br />occurrence of polymorphic pattern between parent and mutant strains<br />due to change in the genetic makeup.<br /> https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1148_66e3f919773507cbafe9209f0056d5ad.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Histo- and Cyto-pathological Alterations Induced by the New Egyptian Isolate Potyvirus on Hyocyamus muticus L. Leaves527542114910.21608/ejbo.2017.1149ENReham M. ElbazBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Helwan UniversityM. E. OsmanBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Helwan UniversityAsmaa F. Abd El-MonemBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Helwan UniversityE.T. Abd El-SalamBotany and Microbiology Department,
Faculty of Science, Cairo UniversityJournal Article20151206HISTOPATHOLOGICAL and cytopahological studies on infected<br />Hyocyamus muticus L. plants with a new potyvirus-Egyptian<br />isolate with accession number KM497011 was investigated. The<br />infected Hyocyamus muticus L. showing virus-like symptoms on its<br />leaves in the form of a net mosaic, blistering, rugosity and<br />malformation. Histopathology of an Egyptian potyvirus isolateinfected<br />Hyocyamus muticus L. leaves using light microscopy showed<br />abnormal structures of the lamina, epidermal cells, mesophyll tissue<br />and vascular bundles compared with healthy one. Cytopathology of an<br />Egyptian potyvirus isolate-infected Hyocyamus muticus L. leaves using<br />electron microscopy showed pinwheel and scrolls inclusion bodies and<br />abnormal cell wall thickness, nucleus, chloroplast and no clear internal<br />structure of mitochondria compared with healthy one. Our conclusion,<br />the new Egyptian potyvirus isolate caused changes in the cells and<br />tissue structure of henbane leaves as the same of other known<br />potyvirus strains.<br /> https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1149_4c2c4d2e4974b54f7b013ec34b9ad160.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923756220170201Biological Control of Tomato Bacterial Wilt Disease by Endophytic Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis543558115010.21608/ejbo.2017.1150ENM.G. FarahatBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Cairo UniversityTahany, M. Abdel RahmanBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Cairo UniversityR.A. HusseinBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science,
Cairo UniversityGihan M. ZaghloBotany and Microbiology
Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan UniversityJournal Article20151206BACTERIAL wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a<br />serious threat for agricultural production of tomato. In this study,<br />80 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from healthy tomato<br />plants in R. solanacearum-infested fields. Two endophytic antagonists<br />designated HRA32 and HRA69 showing the highest antagonistic<br />activity via in vitro screening were identified as Pseudomonas<br />fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis using 16S rRNA analysis. The<br />selected isolates were evaluated in vitro for their activities related to<br />plant nutrition and plant growth regulation. Both of the assessed<br />endophytes were found to exhibit capabilities in ammonia, indole<br />acetic acid (IAA) and siderophore production as well as phosphate<br />solubilization. Pot experiments were adopted to test the control<br />efficiency against tomato bacterial wilt. Results revealed that HRA32<br />and HRA69 significantly reduced disease incidence when applied as<br />separate treatments. The clear synergetic effect was observed in<br />tomato plants treated with a mixture of the two antagonists reducing<br />disease incidence significantly from 87.22% in the control to 16.66%<br />with biological control efficacy of 80.23%. It is concluded that<br />application of P. fluorescens HRA32 and B. subtilis HRA69 may be a<br />promising approach for biological control of the tomato bacterial wilt<br />and may play an important role in sustainable agriculture.<br /> https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_1150_dd5f85664fb4625cf0b29fa0a588bcbb.pdf