National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Evaluation of Bacteria from Soil and Rhizosphere as Herbicidal Candidates of Some Broadleaf Weeds2832913144710.21608/ejbo.2018.4172.1186ENMerhan M.TawfikPlant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, El-Matariya, Cairo, EgyptNevin A.Ibrahim2Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptMohamed A.BalahPlant Protection Department, Desert Research Center, El-Matariya, Cairo, EgyptMohamed M.AbouzeidDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20180805The use of bacteria in biological weed control is an alternative ecofriendly way to tackle weed problems and reduce the risk of herbicide resistance. In this study, we obtained four main active bacterial isolates under the genera <em>Pseudomonas</em>, <em>Bacillus</em> and <em>Xanthomonas</em> from Wadi El Natroun region. All the tested bacterial isolates caused high significant reductions<br />in seed germination and seedling growth of Convolvulus arvensis and Portulaca oleracea. Bioassaying ethyl acetate crude extracts of these isolates showed that Pseudomonas sp. (isolate 1) was the most active against seedling stage of Portulaca oleracea. The cultural filtrate of the same isolate caused 100% reduction when assayed on seed germination, shoot and root length of Convolvulus arvensis and Portulaca oleracea. At the highest concentration (40mg/ml) of the crude ethyl acetate extract, the reduction percentage in total biomass fresh weights of<em> Portulaca oleracea </em>and <em>Convolvulus arvensis</em> seedlings reached 71.27 and 39.37%, respectively. The EC50 values (concentration that inhibited growth by 50%) were 1.3 and 1.64mg/ml for <em>Portulaca oleracea </em>and <em>Convolvulus arvensis</em>, respectively. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and biochemical characterization demonstrated that isolate FS15 was member of the genus <em>Pseudomonas</em> and belongs to the <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>group with <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> strain NR 113599.1 as the closest relative (99.5% sequence similarity). In conclusion, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa </em>has high potential to be developed as natural bacterial herbicide and may be used in broadleaf weed control.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_31447_c25f284fbd42232e2a092295c7eddeee.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Effect of Growth Regulators on Micropropagation, Callus Induction and Callus Flavonoid Content of Rumex pictus Forssk2933022544310.21608/ejbo.2019.4873.1202ENNadia El-ShafeyDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt0000-0001-6426-2796Mona SayedDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt0000-0002-3935-0628Enas AhmedDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptOla HammoudaDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptSalah ElDeen KhodaryDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptJournal Article20180816THE CURRENT study investigates the effect of growth regulators on micropropagation, callus induction and callus flavonoid content of <em>Rumex pictus</em> Forssk; an endangered medicinal plant. Various combinations of kintin (KIN), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), Thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were used for micropropagation from shoot tip explants. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 2mg L<sup>-1</sup> BAP was the best for micropropagation where shoot formation frequency was 70% with 12.6 shoots/explant. The highest root formation frequency resulted on half-strength MS medium fortified with 2mg L<sup>-1</sup> naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) or 1mg L<sup>-1</sup> IBA. One mg L-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) combined with 0.4mg L<sup>-1</sup> BAP induced the highest callus mass production from the investigated explants, particularly 1<sup>st</sup> foliage leaf that was the best explant for callus induction and proliferation. The accumulation of flavonoids in callus was diminished by BAP but enhanced by increasing 2,4-D concentration in culture medium. To our knowledge, this is the first report of micropropagation and callus induction of this endangered medicinal plant which will help in its rapid mass production, conservation and in vitro production of secondary metabolites.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_25443_7bbca3d51fcee2dc5d941f332421d0db.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Moringa Leaf Extracts as Biostimulants-inducing Salinity Tolerance in the Sweet Basil Plant3033182545110.21608/ejbo.2019.5989.1242ENRaifa AhmedHassaneinDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptAmal FadlAbdelkaderDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptHeba MohammedFaramawyDepartment of Botany, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181030HORTICULTURE plants are constantly exposed to salinity problems during growing. Biostimulants from plants origin known to protect plants growth and improve their productivity within a varied conditions of salt stress. To investigate Moringa plants (<em>Moringa oleifera</em>, MO and <em>Moringa peregren</em>a, MP) activity as biostimulants, sweet basil (<em>Ocimum basilicum</em> L. cv. cispum) plants grown with/or without salt stress were irrigated using aqueous leaf extracts from both species. Two hundred grams of fresh Moringa leaves were homogenized in one liter distilled water, filtered and the dilutions: 2.5%, 5.0%, 10% and 20% were made. In stressed basil, proline and malondialdehyde had increased then decreased significantly with both Moringa extracts, particularly with MP treatment. Compared to control basil, 10% was the best concentration that caused enlargements of basil leaf area by 60% during salt stress. On applying 10% MO and MP extracts to salt-stressed basil, growth parameters like shoot length were increased by 32% and 38%, shoot fresh weight by 50% and 109%, shoot dry weight by 123% and 84%, number of branches by 75% and 87%, root length by 40% and 63% and root dry weight by 142% and 225%, respectively. MO treatment led to a significant increase in anthocyanin, total carbohydrates and superoxide dismutase in basil. Alternatively, MP increased ascorbic acid oxidase actively in basil leaf. The varied chemical composition of Moringa species underlined the resistance strategies in basil. We hypothesized that the efficacy might even become much more potent on basil with the simultaneous irrigation using the two species of Moringa.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_25451_4935bf860d9cbb2871b962d436f9bd7a.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Enhancement of Antimicrobial and Antitumor Activities of Zinc Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Penicillium chrysogenum AUMC 10608 Using Gamma Radiation3193372544810.21608/ejbo.2019.5492.1223ENManal MaherHousseinyBiological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptEman ZakariaGomaaBiological and Geological Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181007An eco-friendly protocol for the biosynthesis of extracellular zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) by <em>Penicillium chrysogenum</em> was performed. The formation of ZnNPs was observed by the formation of white aggregates of ZnNPs and confirmed by UV absorption spectrum at 340nm. The synthesized ZnNPs were also characterized by High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and fourier<br />transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The optimum conditions were pH 10, 72h of reaction between culture filtrate (CF) and 1mM (ZnSO4) solution with (6:1) ratio. Exposure of ZnNPs to gamma radiation showed an increase in the absorption band intensities when compared to the non irradiated sample. Samples of ZnNPs exposed to 20kGy dose recorded the greatest antimicrobial effect. The study of its antitumor activity against human breast carcinoma (MCF-7) and colon carcinoma cells (HCT-116) was performed. The IC50 values of (MCF-7) were 373μg/ml and >500μg/ml, while of (HCT-116) were 226 and 317μg/ml for irradiated<br />and non irradiated samples, respectively. TEM and DLS showed the formation of spherical monodispersed ZnNPs from 9 to 17nm with a mean of 13nm for the irradiated sample exposed to 20kGy. The current research provided an insight on using ɤ-radiation as a highly efficient and inexpensive tool for the enhancement of antimicrobial and antitumor effects of nanoparticles against infectious and tumor diseases.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_25448_88e503599ee9e966ef8a5e77936f94ca.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Comparative Analysis of Seed Yield and Biochemical Attributes in Different Sunflower Genotypes under Different Levels of Irrigation and Salinity3393552544510.21608/ejbo.2019.5043.1205ENHeba T.EbeedDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Egypt0000-0002-3928-8123Nemat M.HassanDepartment of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta City, Egypt0000-0003-0441-0595Maaty M.KeshtaAgricultural Research Station at El-Sirw, Damietta, EgyptOlfat S.HassaninAgricultural Research Station at El-Sirw, Damietta, EgyptJournal Article20180905SUNFLOWER (<em>Helianthus annus</em> L.) is an important oilseed crop in so many countries which suffer from seed and oil yield reduction by limited water or soil salinity. Since some responses to water and salt stress are common, other responses may vary according to the genotype and/or stress level. The role of the genetic diversity on the responses of sunflower yield, oil quality and the fatty acid composition to the different levels of irrigation and soil salinity in two field experiments were investigated. Three registered parental lines; HA 429, HA 430 and HA 20 and two hybrids; H (A9xRF6) and H (A9xRF8), in addition to one cultivar; Sakha 53 were used in this study. The results showed significant effects of genotype, level of stress and their interactions on most of the examined characteristics. Water stress caused a major reduction of protein content and oil yield than salinity stress. Different genotypes with similar oil contents had different oil yields under stress treatments. The hybrids H (A9xRF6) and H (A9xRF8) showed less reduction in oil content by both irrigation and salinity treatments, compared to the other genotypes and this candidate them for cultivation in stressed regions. The results also showed that some fatty acids, particularly stearic acid and oleic acid, were dependent on the genotype and the stress level in both experiments.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_25445_eb8897a7ecc2e1384629ad4b8a00073d.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Safflower ( Carthamus tinctorius ) Seeds Amendment with Silicon or Humic Acid During Germination under CuO (NPs) Phytotoxicity3573742644910.21608/ejbo.2019.5996.1243ENRasha El-ShazolyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Al-Kharja, New Valley, EgyptJournal Article20181031AMELIORATION with silicon (1mM sodium silicate Na<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub>) or humic acid (50mg L<sup>-1</sup> HA) was tested in counteracting the phytotoxicity of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) at 50, 100 and 150mg L<sup>-1</sup> on Safflower plants (<em>Carthamus tinctorius</em>). Si sustained seed growth at (150mg L<sup>-1</sup> CuO NPs). The application of HA increased copper concentration in seedling by about 5 to 10 fold, relative to the control at 50 and 100mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Fresh weight of safflower seedlings were reduced significantly at 100mg L<sup>-1</sup> CuO NPs. Si enhanced fresh and dry matter gain under 100 and 150mg L<sup>-1</sup> CuO NPs, also HA improved dry matter at 100mg L<sup>-1</sup> CuO NPs. Chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents reduced by about 60% and 50% at CuO NPs (100mg L<sup>-1</sup>), respectively as compared to control. Chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents reduced by about 60% and 50% at CuO NPs (100mg L<sup>-1</sup>), respectively as compared to control. Si or HA sustained Chl.a content unchanged and improved carotenoids contents at 100mg L<sup>-1</sup> CuO NPs.<br />Phenolics contents significantly increased under CuO NPs phytotoxicity. External application of HA provoked more phenolics content. Nano-CuO phytotoxicity reduced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition %. Si or HA enhanced significantly lipid peroxidation inhibition % and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> radial scavenging %. Si or HA reflected significant enhancement of SOD and CAT enzymes under elevating concentrations of CuO NPs. Si enhanced significantly POD activity at (50, 100 and 150mg L<sup>-1</sup>) CuO NPs levels.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_26449_25518250492a241a7d049d16ca66a775.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Responses of Common Bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Plants to Treatment with Industrial Ceramic-Waste Water Sludge3753852644710.21608/ejbo.2019.5725.1229ENGhada SalemSasiBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Omar Al-Mukhtar University, Derna, LibyaNesma M.HelalBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptMagda M.El-ArabyBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, EgyptJournal Article20181017THIS STUDY aimed to investigate the physiological and biochemical responses of common bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em> L. cv. Valentino) plants grown in virgin sandy soil incorporated with ceramic wastewater sludge (CWWS), at relatively low concentrations (0.5%, 1% and 2%), for 30 days. Within the different levels used of CWWS, especially at 1%, the enhancement of plants growth was generally proportional with the increase in leaf area and chlorophyll content, as well as it associated with higher uptake of P, N and K due to higher content of these metals in the CWWS- amended soil. Sucrose, proline and malondialdehyde (MDA) showed enhanced levels with the increase of CWWS application, while, glutathione (GSH) content of common bean plants showed attenuated levels. These results were in alliance with accumulation of higher levels of Fe and Cu metals inside the plant tissues. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), showed significantly enhanced activities with increasing the amended ratio of sludge. This increase was also accompanied with the increase in ascorbic acid (AsA) and total phenol contents and a decrease in the activities of ascorbate oxidase (ASO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX).https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_26447_86e061792f4803c5b14ff5274fecf2b0.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801The Autecological Characteristics of Endangered Medicinal Plant Thymus capitatus , in the Western Mediterranean Region of Egypt3873982644810.21608/ejbo.2019.5957.1240ENAmal Abdel-RahmanBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, EgyptMasarrat Mohamed AbdelazizMigahidBiology and Geology Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, EgyptJournal Article20181029<em>THYMUS capitatus</em> L. is one of the most important plants used in traditional medicine mainly in combating the growth of some pathogenic bacteria and reduce pathogen colonization in colon. This species is endangered in the study area due to the destruction in habitats. This study aims to evaluate the distribution of studied species in western Mediterranean region of Egypt, to determine the factors that affect its abundance in relation to soil characters and determine the associated species. <em>Thymus capitatus</em> was abundant in rocky ridge sites more than those in sand dunes and that their distribution in all sites was uniform. However, the covering diameter was larger in sand dunes sites that are characterized with higher K<sup>+</sup> content. The frequency of associated species in Thymus communities did not show any negative allelopathic effect between them. The present results indicate that <em>Thymus capitatusis</em> dominant in rocky ridges while it had been disappeared in inner rocky ridges as a result of human activities. They also indicate an important role of K+ for <em>Thymus capitatus</em> growth. These results could provide us with well understanding of the suitable habitat of <em>Thymus capitatus</em> to contribute in the conservation ways.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_26448_a853fce41743b815313666d8bd2843d9.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801In vitro and In vivo Assessment of Banana Peel Powder as an Aflatoxins Biosorbent3994112687210.21608/ejbo.2019.5923.1247ENDalia M.I.AliBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptTahany M.Abdel-RahmanBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptAmel A.Abo-haggerRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptMona S.AhmedRegional Center for Food and Feed, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181110SURVEY of fungi in raw peanut seeds by washing technique method resulted in isolation of nine fungal species. The aflatoxigenic <em>Aspergillus flavus</em> was the most frequently isolated species in the isolation plates. Molecular identification confirms that it is identical to<em> A. flavus</em> available in database in NCBI GenBank with similarity of 100%. The aflatoxins (AFs) produced in the fermentation medium of <em>A. flavus</em> were extracted and estimated by HPLC to be contain B1, B2, G1, G2 AFs. Banana peel powder, prepared from samples collected from juice markets, proved to be of high adsorption capacity to aflatoxins in concentration depending manner of either peel or aflatoxins.<br /><em>In vivo</em> histopathological studies using 6 albino rats groups, an alteration in rats treated with single aflatoxin concentrations (G2 or G3) such as inflammation, fibrosis, expanded portal tract and degeneration of hepatocytes in liver and expanded glomeruli, vacuolation & fatty degeneration in renal tubules were detected in kidney. However, banana peel treated singly showing normal hepatocytes and central vein in liver as well as normal tubules and glomeruli in kidney. Co-addition of AFs with banana peel powder to rat diet showing significant reduction in the harmful effect of AFs added singly in liver and kidney tissues. This study indicated also that the liver was highly affected by AFs than kidney.<br /> <br /><em><br /></em>https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_26872_40cae2619acb19756b5efd73595ab90d.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801 Podaxis pistillaris (L.) Fr. and Leucocoprinus birnbaumii (Corda) Singer; New addition to Macrofungi of Egypt4134232753010.21608/ejbo.2019.5990.1255ENAmira El-FallalBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta El-Gededa, EgyptAhmed K.A.El-SayedBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta El-Gededa, EgyptHoda M.El-GharabawyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta El-Gededa, Egypt0000-0003-0946-9916Journal Article20181129AGARICACEAE is a widely distributed monophyletic family of saprotrophic fungi,includes a large number of genera and species of nutritional and medicinal mushrooms. However, few literatures have been published on wild members of Agaricaceae in Egypt. Two basidiomycetes from family Agaricacea were recorded for the first time in Egypt during macrofungal surveys. The first; <em>Podaxis pistillaris</em> fallal (Lin.Ex.Pers) Fr.;a desert puffball was growing solitary on sandy soils in Zaranik protected area at North Sinai during spring season. The second; <em>Leucocoprinus birnbaumii</em> EGDA (Corda) Singer; a gilled mushroom was growing in small group on a dead stump of lemon tree in El-Sinania orchards at Damietta during autumn season. The collected agaricoid were identified based on macro and microscopic laboratory features. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences was used to confirm the fungal identification and verify their taxonomic position with other related genera. A detailed description of both species and the ecological features of their habitat are provided.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_27530_46f8ff8a07e1f8e7a6ff3d8f2dd259e6.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Hydrolytic Enzymes as Probable Virulence Factors For Aspergillus ochraceus Fm90 in Aspergillosis4254382814510.21608/ejbo.2019.6347.1253ENMohamed I.A.AliBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptIman K.BehiryClinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptNeveen M.KhalilBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt0000-0002-1875-894XFatma A.MarghanyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181125THE MAIN concept of this study was to assess the potentiality of hydrolytic enzymes as virulence factors for Aspergillus species during aspergillosis infection process. Forty <em>Aspergillus</em> species were isolated from medical (15 isolates) as well as environmental isolates (25 isolates) from soils, outdoor and indoor environments. Extracellular proteases, phospholipases and esterase activities were measured. The pathogenicity of some <em>Aspergillus</em> species was<em> in vivo</em> assessed. It was represented in mean survival times, mortality percentages, fungal counts in different organs, and histopathological examination of lung tissue. The expression levels of protease, phospholipase and esterase genes were studied by real time PCR. Four physiologically significant isolates were selected out of forty and were identified up to molecular level. Aspergillus ochraceus fm90 recorded the highest pathogenicity as represented by mortality percentages and mean survival times of mice, while <em>A. flavus</em> fm90 was the least pathogenic one. Expression of genes of protease, phospholipase and esterase was found to be greater in <em>A. ochraceus</em> fm90 than in<em> A. flavus</em> fm90. It can be concluded that pathogenicity is probably related to physiological (enzymatic) activities of the isolates. Also, variation in expression levels of protease and phospholipase genes in <em>A. ochraceus</em> fm90 and <em>A. flavus</em> fm90 could denote their possible involvement in the pathogenicity process.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_28145_864e40ed6bba415abf5e9047c1b9f3f7.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Auto-taxonomy of Brassica nigra (L.) Koch (Brassicaceae) in Egypt4394502814610.21608/ejbo.2019.6375.1254ENWafaa AmerBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypthttps://orcid.org/00Mahmoud ShoulkamyBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minya University, Minya, EgyptAhmed FariedBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, EgyptHadeer Abd El-BasetBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Minya University, Minya, EgyptJournal Article20181125<em>BRASSICA</em> L. is one of the most economically important genera within family Brassicaceae, it includes approximately 80 species worldwide. In Egypt, the genus represented by five species. Among them, <em>Brassica nigra</em> (L.) Koch, which grown as a weed in field crops as well as roadsides of Mediterranean region. The field and herbarium observations reflected the notable morphological diversity within the species populations. Accordingly, morphological and palynological studies for the different geographical populations of Brassica nigra were carried out to trace the species diversity and helps for identification the infra-species taxa. The taxonomic revision of the species in Egypt, was carried out on the herbarium specimens as well as fresh materials represented by 26 populations, distributed along the Nile Valley and the Nile Delta. The results revealed the presence of two varieties namely var. <em>bracteolata </em>and var.<em> nigra.</em> The fruit peak and trichomes are the differential characters delimiting the two varieties. Moreover, the results showed also presence of var. nigra in two different biotypes. SEM of the seed coat and pollen grains showed the presence of notable infra-specific diversity. For pollen grains, the size, apertures and exine ornamentation confirming this diversity. Photographs and taxonomic key for varieties and forms will be addressed.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_28146_8e6c3e28df8c777c3439f42c00fe1606.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Callus Formation and Production of Secondary Metabolites by Seedling Explants of Chenopodium quinoa 4514602814410.21608/ejbo.2019.6323.1251ENHeba ShahinPlant Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Sadat City University, Sadat City, EgyptJournal Article20181122QUINOA (<em>Chenopodium quinoa</em> Willd) which is considered a pseudocereal or pseudograin, has been originated from the Andean region in South America, and is belonging to family Amaranthaceae. The highest percentage germination of seeds was achieved in MS medium with full strength in the full strength MS medium (100%). Best callus production from seedling explants was obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2mg/L 2, 4-D+0.05mg/L Kin. Callus was also obtained when MS medium was fortified with 1mg/L NAA+0.5mg/L BA, 1mg/L 2, 4-D+0.5mg/L BA and 3mg/L PCIB. However, the percent culture response on these concentrations was lower. The lowest total amount of callus was found to be on MS medium containing 1mg/L PCIB. Callus of explants were grown on MS media with 2mg/L 2,4-D+0.05 mg/L Kin gave the significant highest value (22μg/g fresh wt) of tocopherols content, followed by seedling on half strength MS medium (15.6). While the lowest value (2.1) was observed with Callus obtained from seedling planted on MS medium contained 0.5mg L<sup>-1</sup> NAA+0.05 mg L<sup>-1</sup> BA.<br /> Protein extraction and enzymatic assay protein extraction and measurement of tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) activity were performed. Enzyme activity in leaves was twofold higher than that in seeds. In callus cultures, activity was about onefold lower than in leaf extracts.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_28144_5341c0ca8d84a3b42c64dc491e45ea59.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Diverse Response of Three Sweetpotato Cultivars to Abiotic Stresses and Adjustment of Free Polyamine Levels4614742814910.21608/ejbo.2019.6752.1269ENMervat M.M.El-FarAgricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Institute for Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Gießen, GermanyThomas BerberichPhytoprove GmbH, Frankfurt am Main, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Frankfurt am Main, GermanyHans Werner KoyroInstitute for Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University, Gießen, GermanyJournal Article20181218THREE SWEETPOTATO cultivars, Abees, Mogamba and Santo Amaro, were subjected to moderate (-0.5MPa) and severe drought stress (-2.5MPa) or to salt treatments up to 200mM NaCl, respectively. Patterns of leaf polyamine contents were analyzed to verify whether these metabolites could be used as early traits of tolerance. Physiological parameters like leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll content, leaf electron conductance, stomata resistance and transpiration rate were used to indicate stress conditions of the plants and growth parameters were applied to identify the level of tolerance among the used cultivars. In all three cultivars, drought led to an increase of putrescine (Put) and decrease of spermidine (Spd) concentrations while spermine (Spm) was decreased only in the Santo Amaro cultivar. The most tolerant cultivar was Mogamba followed by Santo Amaro and Abees. However, this descending order was not reflected by the specific changes in polyamine levels but it is altered under drought as well as under salinity in both sensitive and tolerant cultivars. More investigations are needed to figure out if polyamines behave as a response of stress and/or a protective mechanism.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_28149_c70a1be3a50cde54a564712c2b6c2b49.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801 Dicliptera aegyptiaca (Acanthaceae), A New Species from Egypt Supported by Morphological Characters and rbcl-based DNA Barcoding4754822871310.21608/ejbo.2019.5371.1220ENEman ShamsoThe Herbarium, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University,Giza, EgyptAhmed FouadBotany and Microbiology Department
Faculty of Science , Cairo University, Giza, Egypthttps://orcid.org/00Journal Article20181004<em>DICLIPTERA aegyptiaca</em>, a new species from Red Sea Coast, Egypt, is described and illustrated. Diagnostic and morphological characters that distinguish it from its allied species <em>D. paniculata</em> and an identification key for the two species are provided. The new species differs from <em>D. paniculata</em> by having an unbranched stem, a congested inflorescence with dwarf axes 1.5– 5mm long; subsessile cymules with peduncles 0.5– 1mm long. rbcl-DNA barcoding is presented for this new taxon for the first time. Phylogentic tree revealed barcode clusters for the two Dicliptera species and recognized significant interspecific variation between them. <em>D.</em> <em>aegyptiaca</em> clearly formed one clade strongly supported with a bootstrap value of 100%. Based on characters of morphology, pollen and seeds, the new species was recognized as belonging to the genus Dicliptera. On the other hand, DNA barcoding reflected clustering of all Dicliptera spp. in a large clade while <em>D. aegyptiaca</em> formed a non sister clade showing the utility of DNA barcoding for species identification rather than taxonomy.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_28713_f530a2292896656eedc30e3c9d5cbabb.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Authentication of Three Endemic Species of the Caryophyllaceae from Sinai Peninsula Using DNA Barcoding4834912871510.21608/ejbo.2019.5932.1241ENAhmed FouadBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypthttps://orcid.org/00Rehab HafezBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt0000-0003-0528-288XHasnaa HosniThe Herbarium, Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, EgyptJournal Article20181030THE CARYOPHYLLACEAE are one of the most represented families with endemic species in Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. rbcl-based DNA barcoding sequences for three species of Caryophyllaceae endemic to Sinai Peninsula <em>(Bufonia multiceps</em>, <em>Silene leucophylla</em> and <em>S. oreosinaica</em>) were developed for the first time. BLASTN for these sequences reflected 100% Caryophyllaceae hits for rbcl sequences. Phylogenetic tree constructed using the the newly developed and mined sequences showed an ambiguous classification at both generic and tribal levels. Results reflected that such species were introduced into Sinai Peninsula through two colonization events. The first introduced <em>S. leucophylla</em> while the second introduced a common ancestor for the remaining two species.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_28715_e07e54d8bef4c8b5eda18bfed1ab722b.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801New Remedy to Control Human Skin Fungal Infections by Silver Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Two Marine Macro Algae4935112949010.21608/ejbo.2019.5351.1219ENAnwer El-BadryBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptSusan AssawahBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptHala El-KassasNational Institute of Oceonography and Fisheries, Alexandria, EgyptDoaa HegabDermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptDalia AmerBotany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, EgyptJournal Article20181001FROM Dermatology Department of Tanta University Hospitals during 2016, it was observed that cutaneous fungal infections were more common in patients dealing with indoor closed pipe networks as a water source (recorded in 73 cases), sewage disposal by outdoor conservancy (68 cases), of 2-20 years old (38 cases) and house wives (23 cases). The most common fungal isolates among the studied cutaneous infections were <em>Microsporum canis</em> (21 cases),<em> Malassezia furfur</em> (16 cases), <em>Trichophyton rubrum</em> (11 cases), <em>Candida albicans</em> (9 cases), <em>Epidermophyton floccosum</em> (8 cases) and <em>Candida tropicalis</em> (7 cases); that caused Tinea capitis (29 cases), <em>Tinea unguium</em> (23 cases), <em>Tinea versicolor</em> (16 cases) and <em>Tinea corporis</em> (13 cases). The present study reported an eco-friendly biosynthesis of stable silver nano-particles (AgNPs) by two selected marine algal extracts; which gave a great antifungal activity against the most commonly isolated fungi; that was confirmed by their low MIC values, namely MIC for AgNPs of<em> Corallina mediterranea</em> was 0.25mg/ml against<em> Epidermophyton floccosum</em>, while MIC for AgNPs of<em> C. officinalis</em> was 0.5mg/ml against <em>Candida tropicalis</em> and further elucidated by their destructive effects, as observable thinning of cell wall (as low as 89.1nm in <em>C. tropicalis</em> and 54.9nm in<em> E. floccosum</em>), agglutination of cellular proteins, rupture of cell membrane and leakage of intracellular components, revealed through TEM examinations.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_29490_7d7610082de90155d333a93fcb0a9ec6.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Identification of Different Isolated Fungi from Scaly Debris of Colocasia Corm With Potential Production of Cellulase5135223054710.21608/ejbo.2019.7575.1283ENNahla AlsayedBouqellahTaibah University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department, P.O. Box 25233, Almadinah Al-Munawara, Saudi ArabiaJournal Article20190131THE AIM of the present work is to isolate and identify the different fungi from the debris of the brown outer scaly leaves of <em>Colocasia</em> corm. The isolated fungi were tested for cellulase producing activity. The species were primarily recognized on morphological bases and then identified on molecular level. The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) domain of the ribosome large subunit (LSU)-comprising the ITS1/5.8S/ITS2 regions (≥ 500bp) was subjected to Sanger sequencing for the new isolates using primer pair ITS1/ITS4. BLAST analysis indicated entities of the eight-isolated fungal isolates. Among the isolates, three of the species were found-closely related to<em> Fusarium solani</em> whereas, the other five isolations were found to be closely related to <em>F. proliferatum</em>,<em> F. fujikuroi</em>, <em>F. equiseti</em>, <em>Penicillium lanosum</em> and<em> P. flavigenum</em>. Screening of the fungal species for cellulase production”was performed on cellulose-agar plates using clear zone technique. The results showed that out of theses isolates, the maximum zone of clearance was obtained for isolate that is closely related to <em>P. lanosum</em>, whereas, the minimum-zone of clearance was recorded for isolates closely related to<em> Fusarium solani</em>. <em>Penicillium</em> isolate showing significant-potentiality in cellulase production will be a subject for a detailed investigation.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_30547_ad154cdae82dddfb6ca36b00b6a065b6.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Taxonomic Studies in Tribe Loteae (Fabaceae) in Egypt. I: Subtribe Anthyllidinae ( Anthyllis, Hymenocarpos and Tripodion )5235362950310.21608/ejbo.2019.5705.1234ENZaki TurkiBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Koom, EgyptFaiza ShehataBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Koom, EgyptEsam AqlanBotany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebein El-Koom, Egypt0000-0003-3081-6361Journal Article20181024THE PLANT morphology, anatomical characters of stem and leaves, SEM of seed coat surfaces were used to reassess the conflicted taxonomic relationships between the genera A<em>nthyllis, Hymenocarpos</em> and <em>Tripodion</em>. Previous studies treated the genera<em> Hymenocarpos</em> and<em> Tripodion</em> as synonyms to <em>Anthyllis</em>. The present study clearly indicated considerably differences between the three genera. The most important characters used to distinguish the studied genera are habit, inflorescence type, bract shape, calyx, pod shape and seed coat pattern. On the bases of morphology, anatomy and seed characters, three distinct genera, <em>Anthyllis, Hymenocarpos</em> and <em>Tripodion</em> are represented in the Egyptian flora, each with only one species.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_29503_d246c0b0c9bf150bae330eb311744afd.pdfNational Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)Egyptian Journal of Botany0375-923759220190801Adaptive Changes in Saturated Fatty Acids as a Resistant Mechanism in Salt Stress in Halomonas alkaliphila YHSA355375492950710.21608/ejbo.2019.7553.1282ENYasser El HalmouchDamanhour University, Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Damanhour, EgyptJournal Article20190123SINCE salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses, bacteria totally have different adaptive or tolerant mechanisms that respond to salinity stress. Multiwavelength UV-Vis spectroscopy used to estimate the bacterial growth under different sodium chloride concentrations. Absorbance ratio of 280nm to 260nm (A<sub>280</sub>/A<sub>260</sub>) varied considerably according to the salt concentration. This showed some metabolic activity changes as a part of the adaptive response that allows <em>Halomonas alkaliphila</em> to face salinity stress changes. Here, adaptive changes of fatty-acid composition of <em>H. alkaliphila</em> YHSA35 because of different sodium chloride concentrations were determined. In this work, fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) composition analysis was achieved and estimated the presence of thirty-four fatty acids in <em>H. alikaliphila</em> YHSA35 cells. Quantitatively changes were found within the level of saturated fatty acids; Caproic, Lauric, Undecanoic, Myristic, Palmitic, Heptadecanoic and in unsaturated fatty acids; Oleic, cis-11-Eicosenoic, Erucic. In high salt concentration, unsaturated fatty acids synthesis rate is reduced, resulting in an accumulation of palmitic acid. In conclusion, levels of saturated fatty acid profile changed in<em> H. alkaliphila</em> YHSA35 because of salinity stress that may modulate the membrane lipid viciousness for adaptation and best cellular perform.https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_29507_03db03b12b1a7c7df13b1e92fddf8d6d.pdf