@article { author = {}, title = {Isozyme Variations in some Wheat Genotypes at Siwa Oasis and Ashmon Habitats}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {1-14}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.341}, abstract = {      HE VARIABILITY of grain storage-proteins of twelve wheat …..genotypes under stress (Siwa Oasis) and normal (Ashmon) habitats were analyzed using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). It was clear that small differences were found in the SDS-PAGE analysis of wheat endosperm proteins among the studied genotypes. The defense isozymes [Peroxidase (Px), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Malate dehydrogenase (Mdh)] were detected and their results concluded a prominent role, either directly or indirectly in stress responses. High polymorphisms were observed in most genotypes forMdh isozymes at Siwa habitat, meanwhile Px isozymes were decreased. Misr-1 genotype attained a higher level of Px isozymes under stress habitat as a trait to tolerance response. The changes of PPO isozymes showed a good correlation with the abiotic stress tolerance of wheat genotypes. Thus, PPO increased in Nesr, S8/17, ACSAD-2, ACSAD-3 and NBL genotypes under stress condition (Siwa habitat).  }, keywords = {Wheat genotypes,isozymes Siwa Oasis and Ashmon habitats,Protein profiling,peroxidase,Polyphenol oxidase and Malate dehydrogenase}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_341.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_341_4c2b1bbd59932c273d1971770970e32f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Reduction of Climate Change Damage Using Chemical Foliar Spray Treated Broad Bean Plants Grown at a Rural Site in Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {15-34}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.342}, abstract = {        ONG-TERM changes in the Earth’s climate and temperature …….patterns are one of the environmental threats that face our planet today. Broad bean plants (Vicia faba L. cv. Baladey) were grown at a temperate rural site in Sharkia, Egypt. Plants were grown in 12-open top chambers (OTCs) and 6-plots. Half of OTC's and plots are treated with ethylenediurea (EDU). Ethylene-diurea was used as a antiozonant factor.The air quality treatments consisted of charcoal-filtered (CF) air, nonfiltered (NF) air and ambient air (AA). The EDU (300 ppm) used as a foliar spray for seed germination and before the growth stages of the plants. Air pollutants monitoring data clearly showed high concentrations especially ozone (O3) with a mean value ranging from 39 to 56 ppb. Ethylene-diurea treatment caused significant increases in various growth parameters and total biomass accumulation in NF and AA environments. The weight of seeds plant-1 was higher by 40 to 50% in NF/300-EDU compared to 0-EDU-treated plants. Seed quality showed improvement for nutritional parameters such as sugars, proteins and K under 300-EDU treatment and thus enhanced the Quality Response Index (QRI) of seeds. This study concluded that 300-EDU caused retention of more biomass in leaves during vegetative period and transported more photosynthates towards reproductive parts, which resulted into yield enhancement.  Also, EDU helped in identifying the species susceptibility to climate change stress and therefore is very useful as monitoring tool to assess the impact of ambient air on plants under natural field conditions particularly in areas that have a moderate exposure to O3.}, keywords = {Growth,Biomass,EDU,O3,beans,Seed quality index}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_342.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_342_ba207c2605984bbef03c1fd57aa58564.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Sowing Time and Foliar Application of Yeast Extract on Growth and Productivity of Different Cultivars of Faba bean (Vicia fabaL)}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {35-48}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.343}, abstract = {  EFFECT of foliar application of yeast extract (5 and 10 g/L) at two sawing times (3rdof November and 3rdof December) on growth, yield and some biochemical constituents of faba bean cultivars was evaluated during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 seasons. Foliar application with yeast extract significantly increased growth of faba bean cultivars after 65 and 85 days of sowing compared with the control. Foliar spraying with 10g/L yeast extract increased chlorophyll and phytohormone contents of all faba bean cultivars at the age of 65 days. Yield parameters as well as seeds protein and carbohydrate responded positively to yeast application.  Yield parameters data of Giza 3 and Sakha 4 cultivars had the highest values among the five tested cultivars.  In addition, the first sowing time (3rd of November) induced a higher value of yield parameters compared with the second sowing time (3rd of December). It could be recommended that foliar spraying with yeast extract (10g/L) at the first sowing time (3rd of November)  caused an increase of the final yield parameters and improved seed quality of all faba bean cultivars. However, the effect was more pronounced in Giza 3 and Sakha 4.  }, keywords = {Faba bean,yeast,sowing time,growth parameters,Chlorophyll,Phytohormones,yield parameters,protein,carbohydrates}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_343.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_343_92ff3a5bf0a9b41ac9bf865f40a6824f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Taxonomic Implications of Seed Morphology and Seed Protein Electrophoresis of Some Egyptian Taxa of the Mimosoideae-Leguminosae.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {49-65}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.344}, abstract = {THE SEED macro-morphological features including seed shape,  ……...colour, size, areole shape as well as the testa sculpturing patterns examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and SDS-PAGE profiles of seed proteins of 14 species and one subspecies; representing eight genera of Mimosoideae were investigated. A key to the taxa studied was provided based on the recorded macro-morphological features and the testa sculpturing patterns as viewed under SEM. The phenogram generated from the numerical analysis of the scored characters from SDS-PAGE profiles of seed proteins was beneficial to discuss some of the fore-mentioned opinions concerning the taxonomic status of members of Mimosoideae.}, keywords = {Mimosoideae,SEM,seed morphology,Testa Sculpture,SDS-PAGE}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_344.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_344_54ff4213d3cbdcc004d4f909ce3a363b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Identification of Candidate Microsatellite Markers Associated with Agronomic Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {67-80}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.345}, abstract = {ADIVERSE collection of Egyptian and exotic rice genotypes, were evaluated for agronomic traits.  Subsequently in order to assess the allele diversity of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) attributed to agronomic traits. The genotypes were characterized using a set of 23 microsatellite markers. In total, 24 significant marker­­-trait associations QTLswere identified; 2 for heading date, 10 for plant height, 2 for panicle length, 4 for number of panicles per plant, 1 for number of filled grains per panicle, 1 for 1000-grain weight and 4 for grain yield per plant. More of theseQTLswere located on chromosomes 2 and 7. Association analysis of SSR markers showed 4 markersRM6, RM118, RM151 and RM307had a significant association with most of the agronomic traits. Detection of QTLs for agronomic traits at different chromosomes indicated that these characters are controlled by multiple loci. Higher R2 values were obtained for most traits and ranged from -0.366* to 0.695** for grain yield per plant and plant height, respectively. Genetic analysis identified the best rice microsatellite markers attributed to agronomic traits and they can be informative for improvement of agronomic traits through marker-assisted selection. Breeders can use this information to design crosses that assemble new potentially durable combinations of genes/QTLsto improve rice genotypes.}, keywords = {agronomic traits,Allele size,Marker-trait associations,Microsatellite,Oryza sativa, QTLs,rice}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_345.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_345_8bb87ee8732929b635d8e69119a802cc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Alkali Pretreated Rice Straw as an Inexpensive Substrate for Single-Cell Protein Production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {81-96}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.348}, abstract = {ANINVESTIGATION concerning the bioconversion of an alkali-……..treated rice straw to single cell protein under fermentation conditions by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was done. The optimal environmental and nutritional conditions, which resulted in the highest protein production by S. cerevisiae can be summarized as following; incubation temperature, 30°C; incubation periods, 48 h; pH of 4.5; inoculum size 1 ml/100ml from a heavy spore suspension of 95x107 Colony Forming Unit (CFU) /ml, 2 g % rice straw concentrations; NH4H2PO4 as best nitrogen source; carbon source 2.5 g % of lactose. The highest yields of single cell protein were obtained under static condition. High contents of nutritional compounds such as protein, mineral, carbohydrate, lipid, vitamins and amino acids were determined in the produced yeast biomass. These results show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae could be suitable for single cell protein production from cheap waste products.    }, keywords = {Single Cell Protein,rice straw, Saccharomyces cerevisiae}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_348.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_348_2afc156c6ebd7d43d220ceb34b2ee091.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Production, Structural Elucidation and Biological Activities of Bioactive Metabolite of MarineSaccharomonospora viridi}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {97-119}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.389}, abstract = {Twenty-seven of one hundred thirty-five marine actinomycete …….isolates were producers. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of the most potent bioactive isolate showed a strong similarity with Saccharomonospora viridis AHK190. For the production of antimicrobial metabolites, nutritional and environmental conditions have been optimized. Maximum antibiotic production was obtained when galactose was used as a sole carbon source at a concentration of 4.5% (w/v) in the presence of 7% (w/v) aspartic acid with salinity level 3% (w/v) and K2HPO4 at 0.011%. Similarly, initial medium pH of 8.0, incubation temperature of 55°C and incubation period of 72 hr were found to be the optimum. The chemical structure of this compound was elucidated on the basis of its spectroscopy data, elemental analysis, and its molecular formula was found to be  C31H34O4S3. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the pure compound against the tested bacteria was found to be in the range of 125-250 μg/ml and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration of the purified antibiotic was ranged between 250 and 500 μg/ml. For fungi, the minimum inhibitory concentration was ranged between250-500µg/ml. The pure compound also found to have cytotoxic activity against human colon carcinoma with lethal concentration 50 of 24.2µg/ml.   }, keywords = {marine,Thermophile,Saccharomonospora viridis Bioactive Biometabolite,antimicrobial activity,Cytotoxic activity}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_389.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_389_f245df711b9bd3b91fe985632c4fd297.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Salt and Water Deficit Tolerance in some Vicia faba L. Genotypes in Relation to Pigments, ISSR – PCR Markers and Stress Tolerance Indices}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {121-144}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.380}, abstract = {  TWO POT experiments were conducted to investigate the response of five divergent faba bean genotypes namely (NBL- Mar.3, NBL-5, L3, Nubariya-1 and Misr-1) against either drought or salt stresses with split plot design. To achieve this purpose; some morphological characteristics,pigments, carbohydrates, molecular markers, stress tolerance indices and polymorphic information content (PIC) were recorded.   Expose the faba bean genotypes to water and salt stress leads to significant decrease in photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrates and starch. A significant increase in total soluble sugar content with increasing the salt and water stress levels were detected in all genotypes. Tolerant genotypes (NBL- Mar.3 and NBL-5) have high chlorophyll, carbohydrates and starch content than  sensitive genotypes (Nubariya-1 and Misr-1). Seed yield /plant presence wide range of differences among all genotypes in each of the two abiotic stresses in focus. This reflects a fluctuation response in each of the eleven tolerance indices. NBL-5 considered as the highest drought tolerant genotype while Misr-1 is the most sensitive one. Similar conclusion is true for NBL- Mar.3 as a best tolerant genotype under salinity experiment conditions while, Nubariya-1 and Misr-1 were the most sensitive one.  The highest water deficit newly bred tolerant genotype (NBL-5) discriminated by either two positive specific markers at amplified fragments (AF) (45 and 61) or three negative amplicons at AF (30, 32 and 33). The salt tolerant genotype (NBL- Mar.3) own ten of the unique amplicons out of the 40 total number of specific markers (TSM) which including either the presence or absence of a given band. These specific markers could be successfully used as marker assisted selection (MAS) for the best genotypes utilizing in faba bean breeding programs.   The dendrogram results classified the five faba bean genotypes under consideration into two main clusters. The first cluster comprised the two newly bred lines (NBL- Mar.3 and NBL-5) which shared in one parent of their ancestors and this could confirm the highest similarity value between them.     }, keywords = {Stress tolerance indices,ISSR-PCR markers,Polymorphic Information Content (PIC),dendrogram}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_380.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_380_2a41975368c8f9de5a919fb77f238fdc.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Some Aspects of Antioxidative Traits in Rice Under Salinity with Validamycin Treatment}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {145-171}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.381}, abstract = {      Pretreatment in plants is recognized as a valuable strategy to …...stimulate plant defenses, leading to better plant development. This study evaluated the effects of validamycin A priming pretreatment on the antioxidative mechanisms involved in the response of two rice cultivars plants to salt stress. Salt stress elevated the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (ROS) and the endogenous Malonaldehyde (MDA). Additionally, salt stress increased the activity of antioxidative enzymes (Peroxidase, POD; Catalase, CAT; Glutathione reductase, GR). Content of phenolic compounds was also increased by salt stress, while the content of Ascorbic Acid (ASA) showed the opposite effect. Pretreatment with 30µM validamycin A as seed soaking increase the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and elevate the contents of flavonoids, ascorbic acid and tocopherol. The combined effect of  validamycin A and salt treatment led to a higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants including Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GR, and elevated the content of nonenzymatic antioxidants including ascorbic acid and tocopherol. Overall, we can conclude that exogenous validamycin A could alleviate the damage induced by salt stress, via reducing the deleterious effects of salinity on lipid peroxidation. These responses could be attributed to the ability of validamycin A to induce antioxidant defenses.    }, keywords = {rice,salinity,Validamycin A,Enzymatic antioxidant,Non enzymatic antioxidant}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_381.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_381_5bfec1358d3d2515b389f4c69207a1ae.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Assessment the Ecological and Physiological Status of Seagrasses in Representative Habitats at Hurghada and Safaga Provinces, Red Sea Coast, Egypt}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {173-201}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.382}, abstract = {EAGRASS communities represent spatially complex and ……biomass producing systems. The present study investigated shallow water seagrass communities from four sites; two sites located at Hurghada (Abu Shaar and NIOF) and two sites located at Safaga (GeneralBeach and Aza'at). Five seagrasses were identified in the studied sites; Halophila stipulacea (Forssk.) Asch., Halodule uninervis (Forssk.) Boiss., Halophila ovals (R.Br.) Hook. f., Thalassodendron ciliatum (Forssk.) Hartog and Syringodium isoetifolium (Forssk.) Hartog. Distribution of the recorded species and sediment texture explained the relation between species and sediment type, where Th. ciliatum prefers conglomerate sediments from coarse sand, H. uninervis prefers fine sandy sediments while H. stipulacea and H. ovalis prefer disjointed coarse sandy sediments. The soils of fine particles have high organic matter content than those constructed from conglomerate or disjointed coarse sand. Abu Shaar and NIOF sites contain a low concentration of calcium carbonate compared to General Beach and Aza'at sites. Shoot biomass and density of the four seagrasses were highly affected by seasonality; where they were increased in summer season than in winter. Photosynthetic pigments of H. stipulacea and H. uninervis significantly increased in winter than in summer, while those of H. ovalis and Th. ciliatum showed the reverse. Total carbohydrates and crude protein of the four seagrasses in the four sites increased in winter than in summer. Soluble compounds (Total soluble sugars, total soluble amino acids and protein) significantly increased in the four species in summer season than in winter and increased in seagrasses growing in low depth than deepest locations. Nitrogen and phosphorus didn't show significant variation in seagrasses tissues in the two seasons or sites. Na+, K+, Mg++ and Ca++ cations significantly increased in the four studied seagrasses in summer than in winter and in seagrasses growing in shallow habitats than the deepest ones. The current study indicated that the most important factors affecting the distribution of seagrasses in the study area are the quality of the sediments, while climatic factors and water depth affecting on productivity and metabolic processes of seagrasses. Recording H. uninervis at NIOF site and Syringodium isoetifolium at GeneralBeach site for the first time indicated that changes have been occurred in these environments to become suitable for the appearance of these species.                        }, keywords = {Seagrasses,Distribution,Sediment,Biomass,physiology,Hurghada,Red Sea}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_382.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_382_1aa4e592ddf8cb5ba2b348b32e15042b.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Production and optimization of L-asparaginase in Escherichia coli}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {203-224}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.383}, abstract = { L-ASPARAGINASE (L-ASNase) has been widely used as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of various lymphoblastic leukemia diseases. This study aimed to isolate and purify local bacterial isolates that are capable of producing L-ASNase, so 150 bacterial isolates from the NileRiver where isolated, purified and their ability to produce L-ASNase was assessed. Among these isolates, 32 bacterial isolates showed their ability to produce L-ASNase, so they were selected for further studies. The most active bacterial isolate in the production of L-ASNase was selected, identified as Escherichia coli and named MG27. Enzyme localization was determined in cultures grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. E. coli MG27 was found to produce more L-ASNase in anaerobic conditions compared with that produced under aerobic conditions with 128 folds.  Finally, in an attempt to determine the optimum conditions for periplasmic L-ASNase production, the influence of several cultural factors was investigated.    }, keywords = {Escherichia coli MG27,L-asparaginase,Optimization experiments}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_383.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_383_64db4b08684a682fa01b1fd5e46d88fa.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Adaptive Mechanisms of Asphodelus aestivus Brot. to Withstand Drought Stress: Metabolic Constituents and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes.}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {225-241}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.384}, abstract = {THE SEASONAL effects on the ecophysiological responses of Asph Asphodelus aestivus Brot. (A. microcarpus) were investigated. Changes in water content, degree of succulence, osmotic potential, photosynthetic pigments, carbohydrate fractions, mineral contents, total lipids, total phospholipids and activities of certain antioxidant enzymes were investigated in leaves and root tubers of the studied plant. Soil moisture content decreased generally during autumn season. Total chlorophyll,carotenoid,K+,Mg+2, P+3and total carbohydrate contents, in leaves in early autumn, showed an increase however root tubers exhibited an increase in most ions such as K+, Na+, Ca+2,Cl- and P+3. Asphodelus aestivus showed a specific defense strategy against ROS to achieve adaptation by increasing activities of specific enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and GR glutathione reductase (GR), in root tubers, SOD, GR and Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in leaves. Asphodelus aestivus has developed different defense strategies against drought stress and completed a specific life form cycle, which might be considered as an intermediate stage between avoidance and tolerance to being well adapted against water stress.    }, keywords = { Asphodelus aestivus,Antioxidant enzymes,Oxidative Stress,Reactive oxygen species}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_384.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_384_d4ebded68f51b5273bc7e971ea211d8a.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Plastid Transformation of Wheat Cultivar Using Plastid Expression Cassette Carrying Nitrogen Fixation Genes}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {243-254}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.385}, abstract = {CHLOROPLAST transformation in wheat was achieved by ……..bombardment of callus from immature embryos. A wheat chloroplast site-specific expression vector pMY-Wt-nif was constructed by placing an expression cassette containing neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and nitrogen fixation gene cluster from Clostridium acetobutylicum in the intergenic spacer between trnI and trnA of the wheat chloroplast genome. Integration of nitrogen fixation gene cluster in the plastome was identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and Southern blotting using a specific sequence of the cassette as a probe. Expression of nitrogen fixation gene cluster was examined by Western blot. The results strengthen the feasibility of wheat chloroplast transformation and also give a novel method for the introduction of important agronomic traits in wheat through chloroplast transformation.    }, keywords = {Chloroplast transformation,Expression vector,Clostridium acetobutylicum}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_385.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_385_beacef6979d7b1387af1222a6e182a2e.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {In vitro Susceptibility Testing of Clinical Zygomyceteous Species isolated in Cairo, Egypt against Ten Antifungal Agents by Broth Microdilution, Disk Diffusion and E-test Methods}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {255-267}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.386}, abstract = {HIS study was carried out on ten zygomycetous isolates …….belonging to 5 species namely, Rhizopus oryzae (3), Lechtheimia corymbifera (1), Lechtheimia ramosa (3), Syncephalastrum racemosum (2), Rhizomucor pusillus (1), isolated from clinical specimens in Cairo, Egypt. These isolates are classified in 3 families, mucoraceae, lichtheimiaceae, syncephalastraceae of order mucorales. They were tested for their susceptibility to ten antifungal drugs using broth microdilution, disk diffusion, and E-test methods. The antifungals used were amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine, ketoconazole, griseofulvin, caspofungin, micafungin, and posaconazole. A good level of overall agreement between the disk diffusion and the broth microdilution methods was observed in this study, therefore disk diffusion method could be considered as a good alternative to the broth microdilution method. Members of the three families tested were fully susceptible to amphotericin B and itraconazole and completely resistant to voriconazole, griseofulvin, caspofungin, and micafungin. ketoconazole was active against lichtheimiaceae,andsyncephalastraceae while it showed reduced activity to mucoraceae. Fluconazole showed reduced activity against all tested isolates. Terbinafine was inactive against mucoraceae andsyncephalastraceae while it showed reduced activity against isolates of lichtheimiaceae. Although posaconazole was active against syncephalastraceaeand showed reduced activity to lichtheimiaceae, it was inactive to mucoraceae. Variability of in vitro susceptibility was found in all mucorales genera tested therefore susceptibility profile of the isolated etiologic agents must be known before treatment of infections.    }, keywords = {Antifungal susceptibility,Zygomycetes,Broth microdilution,Disk diffusion,E-test,Egypt}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_386.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_386_8755706f9c3e9826c0e669a9733d5d81.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Prevalence of Bacterial Infection in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Treated and not Treated with Interferon}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {269-282}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.387}, abstract = {TREATMENT with interferon and ribavirin in patients with …….chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is the most common therapy although it is accompanied by multiple side effects. Bacterial infection represents the most common side effect. The present study aims to analyze the relation between bacterial infection in patients with CHC, interferon treatment and virulence factors of isolated bacteria. Out of 212 immunocompromised patients with hepatitis C hospitalized were studied for bacterial infection, the median age of patients was 50 years (range 23-83 y) of which 132 male (62.3%) and 80 females (37.7%). 149 patients have a bacterial infection while 63 patients are negative for bacterial infection. The collected data obtained from patients showed that 92 patients (43.5 %) not treated with interferon and 120 (56.6%) treated with different doses of the interferon and ribavirin, Our results showed that the bacterial infection represents 90.8 % of patients who were treated with interferon while patients who were not treated with the combined therapy showed signs of infections of  43.5 %. E. coli being the most frequent pathogen (25%) followed by Acinetobacter baumannii (13.8 %). The strains were confirmed by Biolog Microlog 34.20 system. The development of bacterial infection in patients treated with interferon associated with hematological complications as anemia (85.4 %), neutropenia (94.5 %) and thrombocytopenia (100 %).Patients with CHC undergoing treatment with interferon and ribavirin have increased the risk of developing a bacterial infection as a result of bone marrow suppression.    }, keywords = {HCV,Interferon treatment,bacterial infection,Hematological complications}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_387.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_387_d97a3ba8fa85b83e6f8aacb274488554.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Physiological Studies and Tolerance Indices of Six Bread Wheat Genotypes under Siwa Oasis and Ashmon Habitats}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {283-302}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.388}, abstract = {ONE OF THE possible ways to ensure future food needs of a ……increasing world population involves the development of crop genotypes more tolerant to stress. In order to study the response of six genotypes of bread wheat to different habitat conditions, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications under Siwa Oasis and Ashmon habitat conditions during, 2012-2013 cropping season. Pigments content, total carbohydrates, protein and proline were varied in different genotypes between the two habitats. Eleven drought tolerance indices including stress tolerance index (STI), stress susceptibility index (SSI), tolerance index (TOL), harmonic mean (HM), geometric mean productivity (GMP), mean productivity (MP), modified stress tolerance index for Ashmon (adequate) environment (K1STI), modified stress tolerance index for Siwa Oasis (stressed) environment (K2STI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), and stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI) were calculated based on biological yield under the two habitats condition. The biological yield was positively correlated with STI, GMP, MP, HM, YI, K1STI and K2STI and negatively correlated with SSI and YSI. Results of this study showed that the indices K1STI, K2STI, SSPI, SSI, and YSI can be used as the most suitable indicators for screening stress tolerant cultivars. Cluster analysis classified the genotypes into tolerant, susceptible and semi-tolerant to Siwa Oasis conditions. Therefore Misr2 is the tolerant genotype, which may be recommended to cultivate it under Siwa Oasis habitats.  }, keywords = {Wheat,Stress,Adequate,metabolism,Indices}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_388.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_388_f6727eedf59aaa63db01d4ea9f8c27ec.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effect of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) on Growth and Yield of Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) under Salinity Stress}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {303-317}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.390}, abstract = {    THE PRESENT study is an attempt to investigate the effect of saline soil at the levels of 0, 1000, 3000 and 5000 mg/l and foliar application of Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0.0, 25, 75, 125, 200 and 300 ppm on vegetative growth, chemical composition and oil yield production of Rosemary plant. The results indicated that increasing salinity levels decreased all measured growth parameters, chemical composition, and oil production. However, foliar application of NAA reduced the harmful effects of salinity and improved the growth by increasing the concentration of NAA up to 200 ppm then decreased at higher NAA concentration (300 ppm).  }, keywords = {rosemary,salt stress,Synthetic auxins,Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA),Oil Analysis}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_390.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_390_41a252a69c855a16e78f30e1cef45761.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Physiological and Biochemical Responses to Heat Stress on Barley Seedlings and Their Impact on Growth and Yield}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {319-334}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.391}, abstract = {    THE PRESENT study was carried out to investigate the effect of two … temperature degrees (30&40°C) on physiological and biochemical aspects of barley seedlings and their impact on growth and yield. Plant height, the number of tillers, fresh weight, dry weight, flag leaf area were generally reduced following exposure to heat stress ranging between 2 and 8 hours., while relative water content was increased indicating attempts by the plant to resist temperature elevation. The contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b decreased significantly in leaves exposed to all treatments of heat stress while carotenoids decreased as the stress duration was prolonged. The correlation was evident between growth, some yield parameters (peduncle length, biological yield, spike length, the number of spike per plant, kernels weight) and yield index. Changes in SDS protein profiles indicated the occurrence of a number of biochemical responses; some of them were positively associated with heat stress, while the others were negatively associated with heat stress.    }, keywords = {Barley,heat stress,yield,Photosynthetic pigments,protein electrophoresis}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_391.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_391_cb9f828b09b4b77d3e4e632ea8e93239.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Effects of Chloramphenicol, Clofibric Acid, Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Nonylphenol and Bisphenol on the Protein Profile and Ultrastructure of Marine Macroalgae Pterocladia capillacea and Ulva lactuca}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {335-351}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.392}, abstract = {ORGANIC pollution is prominent environmental issue concerning ……. water pollution in the world. It is important to reveal the effects of organic pollutants on algal growth and toxin production for assessing ecological risk of organic pollution. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was tested as an analytical tool for the isolation and identification of the protein. The treatment of Pterocladia capillacea and Ulva lactuca with chloramphenicol, clofibric acid, acetyl salicylic acid, nonylphenol and bisphenol stimulated the synthesis of (three and eight) high molecular masses polypeptides, respectively, (five and six) low molecular masses polypeptides, respectively. On the other hand, inhibition of 31.51and 12.30 KDa protein inPterocladia capillacea and Ulva lactuca after the same treatments, respectively. Examination of electron micrographs of Pterocladia capillacea and Ulva lactuca pharmaceutical treated cells reflected damages in chloroplast structures, which manifested by a change in the thylakoid number, rupture, and dissolving of thylakoid membranes. In addition, the disintegration of the chloroplast in some parts, the appearance of necrotic areas, deformation in the cell wall as well as deformation in the morphology of the cells are clear.     }, keywords = {Macroalgae,Pharmaceuticals,Protein pattern,Electrophoresis,Ultrastructure}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_392.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_392_0ada7b47fe0d3af383260c114588ab6f.pdf} } @article { author = {}, title = {Biodegradation of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Diazinon by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Agricultural Drainage Ditches}, journal = {Egyptian Journal of Botany}, volume = {56}, number = {1}, pages = {353-370}, year = {2016}, publisher = {National Information and Documentation Center (NIDOC), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT)}, issn = {0375-9237}, eissn = {2357-0350}, doi = {10.21608/ejbo.2016.393}, abstract = {DIAZINON is an organophosphorous insecticide that is ……….commonly used to control various agricultural and household pests and is frequently found as a contaminant in water bodies. In the present study, a diazinon degrading bacterium was isolated from agricultural drainage ditches (Fayoum, Egypt) by enrichment technique. Based on morphological, biochemical and 16S rDNA gene sequencing, it was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A pure culture of P. aeruginosa was grown in minimal medium supplemented with diazinon as sole carbon source. The influence of diazinon concentration, temperature, and pH on the bacterial growth and rate of diazinon degradation was investigated. The maximum capability of diazinon degradation (83.6 %) was achieved at concentration 400 ppm of diazinon at pH value 7.0 and temperature 30°C within 14 days. Therefore, P. aeruginosa can be used efficiently for the environmental cleanup of agricultural wastewater contaminated with high levels of diazinon.    }, keywords = { Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Diazinon,biodegradation,16S rDNA}, url = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_393.html}, eprint = {https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_393_1874fa4230d0cb8a5a80d34d036ceeef.pdf} }