2024-03-29T12:39:47Z
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=19388
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
The Therapeutic Potential of Spirulina to Combat COVID-19 Infection
Mostafa
El-Sheekh
Abd El-Fatah
Abomohra
MANY countries and labs are currently looking for a COVID-19 vaccine but have yet to explore it. Many species of Spirulina contain significant active compounds such as sulfated polysaccharides, phenols, phycobiliproteins, and calcium spirulan with inhibition activity against replication of viruses, especially influenza A (H1N1), HCV , and HIV viral infection. As there is no vaccine was approved against COVID-19, the potential of using Spirulina as antivirus and an immune agent has been tested for many viruses, and this encourages using the Spirulina as a whole amount or its extract for immunization against COVID-19, the causative pathogen of Coronavirus disease. The present article discusses some of the important studies on the therapeutic antiviral activities of the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis.
Calcium spirulan
COVID-19
Spirulina
Sulphated polysaccharides
2020
12
01
605
609
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_124786_3c02865cb1d7c7d42a70f5852e761818.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Biogas Production by Anaerobic Fermentation of Hotel Food Wastes
Wagih
Salama
Essam
Abdelsalam
HOTELS face many issues related to managing and reducing food waste, as there is an estimation that one-third of the worldwide whole food production is wasted per annum. The disadvantages of failing to safely dispose of food waste appear through the rotting of organic materials and their transformation into greenhouse gases, which harms the surrounding environment. According to UK statistics, about 289,700 tons/year of waste is produced; where 79,000 tons of such wastes are food wastes. Where, Only 43% of these amounts were recycled each year. Therefore, it becomes evident that some effective technologies should be used to convert this amount of food waste into a form of renewable and environmentally friendly energy. Anaerobic digestion is a promising source for clean energy, where such food wastes are digested in the absence of oxygen by methane synthesis bacteria to produce a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane. This mixture is called a biogas. It is employed to generate electricity and heat to run hotel equipment, and in addition, biogas fertilizer is produced as a by-product. The importance of recycling food waste is to produce environmentally friendly alternative energy, reduce energy consumption, reduce gas emissions and, reduce organic solid wastes by converting those to fertilizers with high nutritious value.
anaerobic digestion
Biogas production
Hotel food wastes
recycling
2020
12
01
611
619
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_128562_ec15c4301f1e99cef1140299ccd1a73c.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Sustainable Biorefinery and Production of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Hassan
El-Ramady
Neama
Abdalla
Szilvia
Kovacs
Eva
Domokos-Szabolcsy
Nóra
Bákonyi
Miklós
Fari
Christoph-Martin
Geilfus
ALFALFA is considered as “the Queen of the Forages” due to its high protein content and nutritional value. The production of alfalfa under different stressful environments is a great challenge, representing a serious threat to global food security. To improve the production of alfalfa under stressful conditions, there is a crucial need to understand the response of alfalfa plants to stresses, the mechanisms of tolerance and the management options. Alfalfa is a promising biorefinery crop from which leaf protein concentrates as well as bio-organic fertilizers can be produced. The potential of leaf-derived protein concentrate for human and animal nutrition is huge, yet unexploited. The bio-organic fertilizers derived from alfalfa plants represent a sustainable way to supply the plant with some nutrients. This review article highlights the sustainable use of alfalfa in biorefinery and bio-organic fertilizer production. Moreover, scattered knowledge about its use for production is collected supporting its suitability for improving soil fertility. Last, we discuss the suitability of alfalfa to produce stable yields in the light of changing climate and stressful conditions like salinity.
Bio-organic fertilizers
fiber
Leaf protein concentrate
Queen of forages
2020
12
01
621
639
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_116171_a0e78a408b112a80c673aa8ce0bc8a80.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Anatomical Studies on the Genus Terminalia L. (Combretaceae) in Egypt I- Leaf Structure
Nahed
Waly
Heba
Moustafa
Rim
Hamdy
ashraf
soliman
T ERMINALIA in Egypt is represented by nine species. The locations of the different collected species were georeferenced with a GPS device. The samples were identified at the Cairo University Herbarium (CAI). Anatomical sections were investigated with a light microscope; Olympus BX51. Photomicrographs were taken using photomicroscope; Olympus DP12. Twenty-four anatomical characters have significant diversity. In leaf, type of mesophyll, length of palisade tissue, number and size of the main and accessory vascular bundles, presence or absence of vascular bundles in small veins as well as lysigenous ducts and crystals. In petiole, the number, shape and distribution of the main and accessory vascular bundles, types of bundle sheath, number of lysigenous ducts, etc. Qualitative and quantitative data of the anatomical characters have been investigated through numerical method by using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). An artificial key was constructed that could be a taxonomic delimitation for comparison between species. This Study proposed that anatomical features of leaf lamina and petiole of Terminalia species investigated should be used as an effective delimitation for authentication and differentiation between the species.
anatomy
Combretaceae, Leaf, Petiole, Terminalia , UPGMA
2020
12
01
641
657
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_86737_4da62da745a0b2ec98d306913a241d9f.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Evaluation and Detection of Ochratoxins and Aflatoxins of Aspergillus piperis by Fluorometric Spectroscopy, Gel Electrophoresis and Western Blotting Techniques
Samah
El-Debaiky
TOTAL ochratoxins (OTs) and aflatoxins (AFs) of Aspergillus piperis were quantitively detected by fluorometric spectroscopy in both fungal biomass (FB) and culture filtrate (CF). OTs were detected with high concentrations; 38˟10-3 and 32˟10-3 μg/g in fungal biomass and culture filtrate of A. piperis respectively, while, AFs recorded lower concentrations; 3.3˟10-3 and 2.3˟10-3 μg/g. Consequently, different types of OTs produced in FB and CF of A. piperis were identified using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. The molecular weights (MWs) of protein bands from SDS-PAGE step revealed the presence of ochratoxin B, ochratoxin α and ochratoxin C (OTB, OTα and OTC) in FB of A. piperis but, the results revealed that, only OTB and OTα were found in the CF. The MWs of OTB, OTα and OTC were found to be 363, 260,430 KDa respectively. Also, these findings were confirmed by western blotting technique using the antibodies of OTB, OTα and OTC. Toxicity of different concentrations of CF of A. piperis was tested in vitro on seed germination of broad bean (Vicia faba).
Aflatoxins
Aspergillus piperis
Chromatography
Gel Electrophoresis
ochratoxins
Western
2020
12
01
659
670
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_86992_ff03da5736321ef254e256b860edf020.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Bioremediation of Ammonium and Phosphates and their Effect on the Macroalgae Dictyota dichotoma (Hudson) Lamouroux Native to the Red Sea Coast, Egypt
Amany
Madkour
Sara
Rashedy
Hussein
Touliabah
IN LABORATORY experiments for eleven days, the effect of dissolved ammonium and phosphate on the absorption, growth, and nutritional content of Dictyota dichotoma was examined to determine their potential application as a nutrient biofilter. Five combinations of phosphates and ammonium concentration (0.8/8, 2/20, 4/40, 6/60, and 8/80μmol/L) were added to Sterile seawater. Molar phosphorus/ nitrogen ratio was 1:10. Over a 24hrs period, 69.2–99.9% of the available ammonium and 90.7–100% of the available phosphate were taken up by D. dichotoma. The highest specific growth rate was 9.3± 0.2% day-1 at 6/60μmol/L while the lowest was 5.11± 0.3% day-1 at 0μmol/L. On the other hand at 8/80μmol/L the biomass was decreased in the second day of treatment. Total soluble carbohydrate, total soluble protein, and total lipids of the tested D. dichotoma were significantly increased with the increase of PO4-3/NH4+ concentration and greater than their respective initial content. The highest averages of total soluble carbohydrate (TSC) (9.79± 0.45% dry wt.), total soluble protein (TSP) (16.3± 0.32% dry wt.) and total lipid (8± 0.30% dry wt.) were observed at the concentration of 6μmol/L for PO4-3 and 60μmol/L for NH4+. Based on these results, D. dichotoma has a strong absorption capacity for ammonium & phosphates, and as bioremediator in eutrophic environments can be a promising applicant.
Biomass
Bioremediator
Dictyota dichotoma
Specific growth rate
Total Soluble Carbohydrate (TSC)
Total Soluble Protein (TSP)
2020
12
01
671
680
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_89218_2babb84551bbc60ad303edd2167eec8f.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Ocimum basilicum Leaf Extract Induces Salinity Stress Tolerance in Faba Bean Plants
Mona Fawzy
Aboualhamed
Naglaa
Loutfy
THE PRESENT work investigated the possible protective role of aqueous Ocimum basilicum leaves extract (OLE) on Vicia faba plants irrigated with different leves of salinity (0.0, 50, 100 or 150 mM NaCl). The toxic effects of salinity on Vicia faba plants were assessed by determining oxidative stress such as lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, growth parameters, antioxidant enzymes activity [catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and ascrobate peroxidase (APX)], organic solutes (soluble sugars, soluble proteins and proline) and ions content (Na+, K+, Ca2 and Mg2+) on Vicia faba plants grown under salinity stress in the presence or absence of aqueous extract of O. basilicum leaves were also measured. The obtained results revealed that salinity stress resulted in a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, organic solutes, lipid peroxidation and ions content, which were associated with a significant reduction in growth parameters compared with control plants. OLE significantly alleviated the harmful effect of salinity on Vicia faba plants and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes activity, osmolytes (soluble sugar and soluble protein), and ions content (K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+), which could be an induced defensive mechanism against salinity stress.
Antioxidant enzymes
Malondialdehyde
Ocimum basilicum
proline
salinity
2020
12
01
681
690
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_89931_8fca038d1dd39cf9ac917b7541d62e6b.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Fertilizing Potentiality of Fungal-Treated Olive Mill Solid Waste to Improve Some Growth and Physiological Parameters of Vicia faba L.
Hanan
Abou-Zeid
Salama
El-Darier
Khaled
Ghanem
Amr
Salah
THE MAIN objective of the present work is to biodegrade the phenols content of olive mill solid waste by a locally isolated fungus under optimized culture conditions and study the effect of the crude olive mill solid waste (OMSW), fermented olive mill solid waste (FOMSW), as well as the residue of water extracted olive mill solid waste (ROMSW) on some growth and physiological biomarkers of Vicia faba. Aspergillus tamarii was the most efficient fungus of ten isolated fungi, where it completely (100%) degraded the phenolic contents of OMSW under the optimized culture conditions. Data showed that applying FOMSW and ROMSW resulted in a significant alleviation of OMSW adverse effects on plant shoots and roots, chlorophylls content, chlorophyll stability index, quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), carbohydrates and protein content as well as the macro-elements K, P, Mg and Ca content. This improvement was increased with increasing concentrations of ROMSW, while it increased up to 4% of FOMSW. Even as the crude OMSW negatively affects the growth and physiological attributes of the tested plant, all treatments stimulated them. It seems that detoxification of OMSW either by A. tamarii or water resulted in a marked reduction of phenolics and rising in pH that might improve the soil characteristics and allows a secure and efficient dumping of OMSW.
biofertilizer
biodegradation
Faba bean
fungi
Phenolics
Photosynthesis
2020
12
01
691
705
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_93690_901de77c9fa7d9a6d3dfafbc8582023d.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Dried Leaves of Bougainvillea glabra Plant for the Removal o Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption
Ghadir
El-Chaghaby
Sayed
Rashad
Shereen
Abd-ElKader
THE PRESENCE of heavy metals in wastewater poses a critical environmental issue and there is a tendency to use natural biosorbents to overcome this problem. In the present study, the dried leaves of Bougainvillea glabra (BLB) were chosen as a biosorbent material for lead removal from aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed under various experimental conditions including: contact time, biosorbent weight, initial ions concentration and solution pH. The results showed that lead removal percentage on BLB reached equilibrium after 90 minutes. The maximum percent removal for lead was found as 84.65% at the initial concentrations of 25mg/L. Data were analyzed by the pseudo first and second order kinetic models and the results indicated that the pseudo-second order model best fitted the experimental data (R2 > 0.98). The biosorption of lead by BLB was also successfully described by the intraparticle diffusion mechanism. Equilibrium models were also applied to fit the data and the Langmuir model showed the best fit (R2 > 0.99). Surface characterization of the biosorbent revealed the presence of many active surface groups that capable of binding the adsorbate ions. In conclusion, the study revealed that dried leaves of BLB could be suggested as an eco-friendly biosorbent for the removal of lead ions from aqueous solutions.
Biosorption
equilibrium
Kinetics
Lead
Mechanism
metal ions
2020
12
01
707
718
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_93693_64f554a0afda481677a5ac71f456cf04.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Wild Plant Species in Egyptian Gardens of the Nile Region: Conservation Viewpoint
Dalia
Ahmed
Esraa
Ammar
Jens-Christian
Svenning
Mohamed
El-Beheiry
Kamal
Shaltout
THE PRESENT study aims to evaluate the role of Egyptian gardens in the Nile Region for wild plant conservation, focusing on threatened species. For this evaluation an outline of their life forms, geographical distributions, economic uses, environmental benefits, conservation categories, and local threats in their natural habitats is given. One hundred and ninety-four trips were conducted to cover 183 gardens in the study area (summer 2012 to winter 2018). Ninety-six species were recorded, they belonged to 76 genera and 43 families. Fabaceae was the most recorded families and Acacia was the most represented genus. Phanerophytes was the most represented life form (39.6%). Nile region was the most represented (75 species, 78.1%) (out of them 20 species were restricted to it). Beside, 21 species were conserved in gardens from other phytogeographical regions as Sinai, Mediterranean, Gebal Elba and Deserts. Medicinal plants (58 species) were the most represented economic uses, while nitrogen fixers (37.9%) were the most represented environmental benefits. Eighty- seven species suffer from at least one threat at their natural habitats, over-collecting species (70.1%) were the most represented threats. The recorded species classified into 73 native and 23 aliens. Seven species were IUCN threatened species (5 least concerned, 1 endangered and 1 vulnerable). Our results show an unlimited role of botanic and public gardens in the Egyptian Nile Region; for plant diversity conservation, as they not only help conserve the threatened species in the study area but also help conserve wild plant species from other geographical regions.
Economic uses
Environmental benefits
Threats and threatened species
Wild plants
2020
12
01
719
732
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_94003_d34cfef84972e9550938e2f32b5f45b0.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Role of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Ameliorating Salt Tolerance in Soybean
Reda
Gaafar
Rana
Diab
Mohamed
Halawa
Adel
Elshanshory
Abdelhamid
El-Shaer
Marwa
Hamouda
AS LONG as we know, little attention has been given to evaluating roles of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnONPs) in plants grown under salinity stress. In the present study, biochemical and molecular responses of salt-stressed soybean cv. Giza111 under different ZnONPs were assessed. Treatment with a high NaCl concentration (250mM) alone caused a significant reduction (65%) in germination percentage as well as a significant decrease in all measured growth parameters (root length, shoot height, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots) and photosynthetic performance (Fv/Fm) compared to control plants. In contrast, malondialdehyde (MDA) & proline contents, and activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase CAT, peroxidase POX and superoxide dismutase SOD) were highly increased. In contrast, presoaking of soybean seeds with different concentrations of ZnONPs (25, 50, 100, 200mg/L) stimulated the growth of stressed plants which was exhibited by improved growth parameters and photosynthetic performance as well as lower levels of proline and MDA in stressed plants particularly at ZnONPs concentration of 50 mg/L compared to controls. Moreover, isozyme analysis of CAT, POX and SOD showed variable pattern of alleles at 50mg/L ZnONPs. Accordingly, these results recommend application of 50mg/L ZnONPs for improving the productivity of soybean cultivated in saline soils.
Antioxidant enzymes
Fv/Fm
Glycine max L
isozymes
Nanoparticles
salinity
2020
12
01
733
747
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_96459_47b265af4cb140bb1fe1aaa92c00118f.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Assessment of Photoprotective, Antioxidant and Anti-Skin Cancer Activities of Leaf Extracts of Certain Medicinal Plants
Amal
Mohamed
Wafaa
Sorour
PLANT extracts acquiring antioxidant potential have recently been used for topical applications for significant protection against ultra violet (UV)-induced sunburn. The current study was conducted for screening Pluchea discoridis (Asteracea), Lawsonia inermis (Lythraceae), Aloe vera (Liliaceae) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Myrtaceae) for their photoprotective, antioxidant and anti-skin cancer properties.Multivariate data analysis based on spectrophotometric evaluation of major secondary metabolites was performed. Each plant had its specific pattern of metabolites. P. discoridis and E. camaldulensis were separated from other plants due to their high content of secondary metabolites where P. discoridis was discriminated by high content of flavonoids and saponins. E. camaldulensis, was discriminated by high content of phenolics and tannins.Different concentrations of plant extracts were read for absorbance at UVB spectrum. Sun protection factors (SPFs) were calculated. The highest concentration (10mg/mL) of P. discoridis extract had the highest SPF, i.e., 23.94± 0.98.The antioxidant activity using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay revealed that P. discoridis and L. inermis extracts had the best free radical scavenging activity with DPPH at 100μg/mL of 85.69± 1.8 and 85.35± 2.5%, respectively.Human skin tumor cell line (A431) was incubated with the plant extracts. P. discoridis had the best anti-skin cancer activity of lowest LC50 value. The effect induced by the P. discoridis extract was also identical to that of the standard chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin).The present study revealed that P. discoridis is a promising plant for use in sunscreen formulations and anti-skin cancer treatment.
Anti-skin cancer
antioxidants
cosmetics
Plucea discoridis
Sun protection factor (SPF)
Sunscreens
2020
12
01
749
762
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_98381_38959c54a93e7d0607ac54c47ada3feb.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Anatomical Studies for Adaptational Aspects in The Stem of Cynanchum forskaolianum (Schult.) Meve & Liede
Yahya
Masrahi
DRY habitats of southwestern Saudi Arabia are home to many stem-succulents, of which Cynanchum forskaolianum inhabit a wide range in these harsh environments. In this study, some anatomical and ultrastructure features of stem in C. forskaolianum were examined by using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to investigate adaptational aspects that enable this plant to cope with its stressful habitats. The stem of the plant has multiple morpho-anatomical adaptations of which low surface/volume ratio is an indication of voluminous capacity to store water. Thin boundary layer results in reduced heat-storage capacity. Papillose shape of epidermal cells together with thick epicuticular wax with thin cuticle reduces water loss. Sunken stomata with deep encryption as well as low stomatal frequency decrease transpiration and enhance water use efficiency. The large substomatal cavities with intercellular spaces in chlorenchyma promote gas exchange and diffusion of CO2. Ultrastructure of chlorenchymatous cells showed that chloroplasts have many plastoglobuli and low stacking of thylakoids, which corresponds to high light stress and leads to chloroplast protection against photoinhibition. Cortex cells have highly undulated walls that lend flexibility during drought. Ultrastructure of these walls revealed light packed fibrillar material, which can play a major role in such flexibility, enabling cells to easily lose and refill with water to support activity of adjacent chlorenchyma cells. Xylem characteristics increase safety of water transport with less vulnerability to cavitation. These anatomical and ultrastructure features of stem show C. forskaolianum as a highly adaptable species in its dry habitats.
adaptation
Cynanchum forskaolianum
Dry habitats
stem anatomy
Ultrastructure
2020
12
01
763
772
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_98382_662b68699e8cb820017f85ed3538c4f3.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain Asw1 colonizing cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) roots mediates eco-physiological and growth responses in faba bean ( Vicia faba L.) and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)
Noura Sh. A.
Hagaggi
Usama A. A.
Radwan
IN THE TWENTY-FIRST Century, the greatest challenge in the agriculture is the increment of the crop productivity with reducing the harmful implications resulting from the utilization of chemical fertilization. Plant-microbeinteraction provide an essential function for plant growth promotion andcrop productivity with safety management and controlling ecosystems pollution. In this research, Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum strain Asw1 (accession no. MN079045) isolated from Vignaunguiculata (L.) nodules were used to mediate some important eco-physiological responsiveness includedthe photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) and leaf water-use efficiency (WUE) in faba bean and wheat plants. The results obtained indicated that the inoculation with strain Asw1was significantly (P˂ 0.05) enhanced the eco-physiological and growth responses in both plant species. Our research provides a considerable sign for the benefit use of Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum Asw1as plant growth promoting symbiotant. Therefore, we suggestthe exploitation of strain Asw1 in large scale, in the agricultural purposes.
Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Faba bean
Photosynthesis
Stomatal conductance
Transpiration
Wheat
2020
12
01
773
783
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_99030_a8f69c6d48b7baf5c56d758d9e7b667c.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Effect of Various Bicarbonate Supplements on Biodiesel Production and Valuable Biochemical Components of the Marine Eustigmatophyceae Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop)
Ali M.
Abugrara
Hanan M.
Khairy
Heba S.
El-Sayed
Hoda H.
Senousy
MICROBIAL breeding media must be cost-effective, enable high growth, meet exact requirements and be readily available. The effect of different levels of sodium bicarbonate (SB) [25, 50, 75 and 100%] in the growth medium on the biochemical constituents (protein, carbohydrates, lipids, fatty acids, and amino acids) of the Nannochloropsis oculata was assessed compared to the F/2 Guillard standard medium. The obtained results revealed that the chemical constituents of N. oculata were influenced by the used level of sodium bicarbonate. The highest total protein, carbohydrate contents, and the maximum percentage of essential amino acids (EAA) (59.68%) were obtained by using the B1 medium (25% SB) as compared to the control (100% F/2). The highest total lipid content was achieved by using the B4 medium (100% SB) producing (20.09 %). In accordance, the highest total saturated fatty acids percentage (TSFA) of N. oculata was recorded by B4 medium. However, the highest total unsaturated fatty acids percentage (USFA) was exhibited by the B1 medium. The EN 14214 and ASTM D-6751 analyzes of the production of biodiesel have shown that the produced biodiesel by B4 medium (100% SB) and the control media of high quality. In conclusion, the addition of sodium bicarbonate is an excellent policy to increase chemical composition and lipid accumulation. The present study recommended taming results for either biodiesel production or aquaculture feeding by using proposed B4 medium as a lipid promoter or B1 medium as a protein promoter.
Amino acids
Biodiesel production
fatty acids
Nannochloropsis oculata
Proximate composition
2020
12
01
785
796
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_102374_a5959aa992e6fb2b6ac9e00b6d536794.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Fatty Acid Profiles and Fuel Properties of Oils from Castor Oil Plants Irrigated by Microalga-treated Wastewater
Marwa
Reda
Abo El-Khair
El-Sayed
Adel
Almutairi
Hassoub
A
MICROALGAE can function as a bio-fertilizer and a bio-filter for wastewater treatment, thus allowing the re-use of wastewater for the irrigation of plants that produce abundant bio-oils and for the irrigation of low-quality soils. Chlorella vulgaris was grown in Om El-Resh drain water as growth medium, after enrichment with nitrogen and phosphorous. Castor seeds were cultivated in a greenhouse at the Algal Biotechnology Unit, National Research Centre, Egypt. Fifteen days later, transplants were irrigated by untreated wastewater (WW); wastewater treated with microalgae (WW+A); or wastewater treated with microalgae followed by removal of microalgae (WW-A). Oil extraction was performed by seed warming and grinding with n-hexane, followed by soaking, filtration, and passage through Silica gel 60. Esterification was performed, and then fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were determined. The results indicated that the wastewater treatment markedly affected seed oil content. The WW+A treatment led to the highest seed oil yield (41.8%), followed WW-A treatment (28.14%), and the WW treatment (25.12%). FAME analysis indicated that the presented fatty acids of castor oil were C16 and C18 and ricinoleic acid (C18:1) was the most abundant (83.1 to 84.63%). In spite of the higher seed oil content when plants were grown in WW+A, there were differences in the fuel proprieties of seed oils in the different groups, based on American Society for Testing and Materials criteria. Our results suggest that wastewater can be successfully used for irrigation of soils that have poor fertility to produce bio-oils during land reclamation.
Castor oil
fame
Fuel properties
microalgae
Wastewater treatment
2020
12
01
797
804
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_102375_91293d8446f8163fa6aff22964c4c841.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Evaluation of Novel Virulent Phages Infecting the Aeromonas Hydrophila and Escherichia coli Isolated from Sewage Water Samples
Mohamed
Nasr-Eldin
Aya
Soliman
MULTIDRUG-resistant bacteria are now emerging for almost all the present-day antibiotics. Aeromonas hydrophila D2007 and Escherichia coli W102 were isolated from fresh food and drinking water samples and they were resistant to 57.14% and 85.71% of tested common antibiotics respectively. Three bacteriophages (phages) were isolated from sewage samples. Morphological examinations suggested that phage ΦAHP7, which infects A. hydrophila D2007, belongs to the Myoviridae family and other phages ΦECP8 and ΦECP9 capable of lysing E. coil W102 belongs to Siphoviridae and Podoviridae families, respectively. For the three phages, the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) was calculated to be 0.001. Phages were characterized by determining their host range and stability in pHs, temperatures, and salinity. The latent periods of phages ΦAHP7, ΦECP8, and ΦECP9 were 10, 20 and 10min with average burst sizes of 53.5±0.5, 26.5±0.5 and 67.5±0.5 phages per infected cell, respectively. The three phages gradually reduced OD600 and are able to stop the growth of A. hydrophila D2007 and E. coli W102 in vitro at a low MOI of 0.001. Phages ΦAHP7, ΦECP8, and ΦECP9 treatments achieved 1.55, 1.68 and 2.28 log CFU/g (P< 0.01) reduction of viable bacterial number in red cabbage and 1.48, 1.38 and 1.68 log CFU/g (P< 0.01) reduction in tomato after 30 min at room temperature (28°C) respectively. Applications of lytic ΦAHP7, ΦECP8, and ΦECP9 bacteriophages lead to a rapid reduction of A. hydrophila D2007 and E. coli W102 counts in fresh food for human consumption.
Aeromonas hydrophila
bacteriophage
Escherichia coli
ΦAHP7
ΦECP8
ΦECP9
2020
12
01
805
823
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_103622_fd51e20af9c497a06f80fec887334fbc.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Assessing the Relative Importance of Climate and Soil for Vegetation Patterns in a Semiarid Land of Central Mexico
Francisco
Huerta Martinez
Cecilia
Neri-Luna
Alejandro
Muñoz-Urias
Jose Pedro
Castruita-Dominguez
Francisco Javier
Sahagún-Sánchez
SPECIES distribution along environmental gradients reflects the effects of several factors at different scales. The research was carried out at El Huizache Corridor, in the state of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, which is an important center of origin and diversification of cacti. The aim of the study was to assess the relative importance of climatic and edaphic factors on vegetation distribution. Using partial ordination, we analyzed in 47 sampling sites the relationships between cover values of 93 perennial plant species with 29 climatic and 19 edaphic factors. Variation partition showed that climatic variables were responsible for 14.4%, edaphic variables explained 33.6%, the interaction of both set of variables explained 11.1%; and unexplained or stochastic variation was around 41%. In addition, one vegetation type (submontane shrubland) was related to climatic factors, two (xerophytic shrublands and gypsum grassland) were related to edaphic factors, while succulent scrub was related to both set of factors.
Climate
Edaphic
Semiarid vegetation
Variation partition
2020
12
01
825
835
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_103628_954c4a7993a9f036cb6fb39076aa0bb1.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Exploration of Karyotype Differentiation in Cells of a Garlic Clone and its Derivative Filial Plants
Rasha
Helmey
THE COMMON garlic (Allium sativum L.) is vegetatively reproduced. Therefore, somatic mutations are the only source of variation and are often expressed as chromosomal changes. There is evidence for this hypothesis regarding satellite position on nucleolar chromosomes and asymmetry of karyotypes. The present work throws more light on the chromosome complement of a flowering clone (Egaseed 2). Using individual plants, some cytological metrics such as chromosome length, arm ratio, centromere position, relative length and karyotype formula were determined in cloves of a single plant and their derivative filial plants. One of the most important cytological parameters is the number and position of secondary constrictions and satellites on SAT-chromosomes. The results showed significant differences in karyotype parameters between cells of parental cloves and their F1 filial progeny. Moreover, asymmetrical chromosome measurements were displayed between sister cells of the same root. In addition, a dignified variation in number and position of SAT- chromosomes in the somatic complement of examined cells has been documented.
Allium sativum
Chromosome measurements
Karyotype
Garlic
Satellite chromosomes
2020
12
01
837
853
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_104802_6b776a542054673dc0fe0cb3579cb7d7.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Accumulation of Cobalt in Soils and Forages Irrigated with City Effluent
Zafar
Khan
Tasneem
Ahmad
Hareem
Safdar
Muhammad
Nadeem
Kafeel
Ahmad
Humayun
Bashir
Mudasra
Munir
Ilker
Ugulu
Yunus
Dogan
DESPITE of its nutrient content, sewage water includes different contaminants responsible for the pollution of soil and plants. In this study, an experiment was conducted at the University of Sargodha to evaluate the danger of the presence of cobalt in forages irrigated with city effluent. Moreover, the health risks associated with livestock feed on these contaminated forages were evaluated. Cobalt accumulation in different parts of plants was analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AA-6300 Shimadzu Japan). Some critical indices like pollution load index, bioconcentration factor and health risk index were also determined. The observed cobalt values in water samples used for irrigation were 0.164 mg/L in tap water and 0.191mg/L in sewage water. The highest cobalt concentration was observed in the root of the winter forage Trifolium alexandrinum (1.560mg/kg) irrigated with sewage water, while the minimum concentration was recorded in Sorghum bicolor, a summer forage irrigated with tap water (0.085mg/kg). The maximum bioconcentration factor value for cobalt was 7.7 in the winter crop of T. resupinatum. The maximum pollution load index, daily intake and health risk index values for cobalt were 0.8910,0.026 and 0.6104, respectively. All of these maximum values were determined for the samples irrigated with sewage water. In summary, the cobalt contents in soil and plant samples significantly increased when the samples were irrigated with sewage water as compared to tap water.
Accumulation
Cobalt
Health risk
plant
trace element
2020
12
01
855
863
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_109447_41f890cd84ccf6cdbc629046d727c476.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Microbiological Profile of Food Served and Related Surfaces in a Libyan General Hospital, Libya
Aisha M.A.
Shahlol
Hunida B.M.
Albarkoly
Asma A.
Shahlol
Dina H.
Amin
COMBATING foodborne pathogens in hospitals is a growing concern. A major aspect is a safe nutrition for patients in hospitals. It is still a hot topic concerning patients, media, and politicians. In Libya, it is a rising trend to inspect food and surfaces' safety aspects to assure hospital hygiene regulations. In this study, a survey of the general microbiological quality of food and surfaces in a General Teaching Hospital was undertaken in Alshatii, Libya. Fifty food and forty surface samples were cultured on different kinds of selective culture media. Significant colonies were counted and identified via microscopic and biochemical examinations. This study reported satisfactory levels of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and Listeria spp. when compared with guidelines for the published microbiological quality of ready-to-eat food. No detectable levels of Salmonella spp. were recorded in our study. We identified 9 out of 40 surface samples with unsatisfactory levels. Listeria spp. were isolated from eight surface samples that indicate improper hygiene compared with data on the general microbiological quality of surfaces. Food samples from the General Hospital in Libya was of relatively accepted microbiological quality but surface hygiene needs an improved strategy to prevent cross-contamination that causes public health problems. This inspection acts as a hygiene alert to improve the management of hospital cleaning and it will have a positive impact on the public health of Libyan society.
Foodborne pathogens
Food hygiene
Libyan hospitals
HACCP
public health
2020
12
01
865
877
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_109449_e41762b14b90bbb41a548216f11989ff.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Continuous Ethanol Production from Molasses via Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae on Different Carriers on Pilot Scale
Abdel-Naser A.
Zohri
Maysa
Ali
Omar
Ibrahim
IMMOBILIZATION of yeast cells for continuous ethanol production has been extensively studied worldwide during the past few years because it showed significant advantages compared to the production by free cell system. Using renewable substrates such as Egyptian cane and beet molasses becomes necessary to reduce food crops for bioethanol production. This study investigates the immobilization of commercial strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on different carriers (sugarcane bagasse, rice straw, wheat straw, and Na-alginate) for continuous ethanol production on a pilot scale. The results demonstrated that sugarcane bagasse was the best carrier for yeast cell immobilization. This substrate produced 66.30g/ L ethanol, 2.76g/ L/ hr as ethanol productivity, and 81% fermentation efficiency from the theoretical value, using a mixture of Egyptian cane and beet molasses with 16% initial sugar at 30°C and pH 4.5. Also, the production process is retained until 18 days continuously. From this study, it was clear that lignocellulosic materials provide suitable, cheap, and renewable carriers for immobilization of yeast cells used in the continuous ethanol production process.
Beet molasses
Cane molasses
ethanol production
Immobilization
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
2020
12
01
879
888
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_109454_80296738ea9f6933b31d842d1fad6c93.pdf
Egyptian Journal of Botany
Egypt. J. Bot.
0375-9237
0375-9237
2020
60
3
Yeast Extract and Lithovit Mineral Fertilizer Ameliorate the Harmful Effects of Drought Stress in Wheat
Wedad
Kasim
Tahany M.
Hafez
Khalil M.
SaadAlla
THE effects of two levels of drought stress (25% and 50% of FC) and the control (75% FC) on the growth, some physiological processes and some metabolites in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cv. Masr 2) at seedling (30 days), vegetative (65 days) and yield (160 days) stages were studied. The ameliorative effects of the foliar spray for the harmful effects of drought by the bio-stimulant yeast extract (10%) or the mineral fertilizer lithovit (3.8%) were also studied. The results showed that both levels of drought stress decreased all of the measured growth criteria and chl a and chl b at both growth stages. The foliar spray with yeast extract or lithovit resulted in the alleviation of these inhibitory effects. Carotenoids increased with drought stress but decreased using both foliar spray treatments. Carbohydrates and total soluble proteins decreased under both drought levels, but using yeast extract or lithovit treatment alleviated these effects. Higher activities of catalase, peroxidase and ascorbic oxidase were recorded under the two stress levels, while yeast extract and lithovit treatments inhibited them. At yield stage, both drought levels resulted in severe reduction in all yield parameters, carbohydrates and total soluble proteins contents in the produced grains. Foliar spray with yeast extract or lithovit improved all the measured parameters of yield and increased the contents of the metabolites in the grains. Although lithovit was slightly more effective than yeast extract, the latter treatment seems preferable as it is a natural product with no apparent residual effects on plants and soil.
antioxidant
Drought stress
Lithovit
Wheat
yeast
yield
2020
12
01
889
903
https://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/article_109456_09bd1d757e5f44971c96e5c09943b4c1.pdf