Naji, E., Abdulfatah, H., Lafi, A. (2025). Seed Priming by Bacillus megaterium L. to Enhance the Resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings to Heavy Metal Stress. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 65(1), 291-302. doi: 10.21608/ejbo.2024.286296.2826
Enas Fahd Naji; Hiba Fouad Abdulfatah; Ahmad Lafi. "Seed Priming by Bacillus megaterium L. to Enhance the Resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings to Heavy Metal Stress". Egyptian Journal of Botany, 65, 1, 2025, 291-302. doi: 10.21608/ejbo.2024.286296.2826
Naji, E., Abdulfatah, H., Lafi, A. (2025). 'Seed Priming by Bacillus megaterium L. to Enhance the Resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings to Heavy Metal Stress', Egyptian Journal of Botany, 65(1), pp. 291-302. doi: 10.21608/ejbo.2024.286296.2826
Naji, E., Abdulfatah, H., Lafi, A. Seed Priming by Bacillus megaterium L. to Enhance the Resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings to Heavy Metal Stress. Egyptian Journal of Botany, 2025; 65(1): 291-302. doi: 10.21608/ejbo.2024.286296.2826
Seed Priming by Bacillus megaterium L. to Enhance the Resistance of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Seedlings to Heavy Metal Stress
1Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar. Ramadi, 31001, Iraq
2Center of Desert Studies, University of Anbar, Ramadi, 31001, Iraq.
Abstract
The buildup of heavy metals in the environment is one of the risks to the growth and development of plants globally, as well as to people if they consume plants contaminated with these heavy metals. Numerous countries have implemented diverse strategies to reduce the probability of these metals building up. Among these strategies, using biofertilizers to encourage seed is the most important. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine how well Bacillus megaterium might increase the resistance of two types of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds (ASGROW and Sunray) to varying levels of nickel and cadmium (0, 100, and 200 mg.L-1). Since cadmium is hazardous to living cells and an unneeded element, these two elements were selected. Within specific bounds, nickel is one of the essential trace elements for plant cells. It turns into a hazardous element if its concentration goes above those thresholds. After priming and without priming seeds exposed to heavy metals, measurements of the germination parameters (SRL, SSL, SFW, SDW, and proline content of the seedlings) were made. The following germination indicators—RL, SL, and SFW—were decreased by heavy metals. A proportionate rise in amount was noted as the levels of heavy metals increased. In contrast, heavy elements increased the dry weight of seedlings. These minerals also assisted in the build-up of proline in seedlings that had higher concentrations of heavy metals. By contrasting promoted and non-promoted seedlings, Bacillus megaterium significantly lessened the harmful effects of the heavy metals employed in the study.
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