Biocontrol of Wilt-Inducing Fusarium oxysporum by Aqueous Leaf Extract from Egyptian Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga

Document Type : Regular issue (Original Article)

Authors

1 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Al Qaliobia, Egypt

2 Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Dakahlia, Egypt

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum causes wilt disease of tomato crop. Fungal management using fungicides results in several problems in the enviroment. Plant metabolites represent an alternative method since they have minute impact on the enviroment. The present investigation is an attempt to develop eco-friendly management of F. oxysporum using aqueous leaf extract of Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga (Family: Apiaceae). Treating the fungus with aqueous leaf extract from the two species of Ammi plants resulted in the inhibition of the fungal growth. Ammi leaf extracts inhibited the activities of metabolic enzymes including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD, EC: 1.1.1.49), glutamine synthetase (GS, EC: 6.3.1.2) and nitrate reductase (NR, EC: 1.7.99.4) but increased L-phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL, EC: 4.3.1.5) activities of F. oxysporum. Both of the total amino acids and the total soluble protein contents of F. oxysporum were reduced under the same treatment. The leaf extracts inhibited the activities of the enzymes which are involved in pathogenicity including pectinase (EC 3.2.1.15), protease (EC: 3.4.21.14), cellulase (EC: 3.2.1.4) and xylanase (EC: 3.2.1.8). IC50 values for the four enzymes were 93.32, 69.03, 71.27 and 74.93 mg ml-1, respectively. However, IC50 values were 134.22, 106.31, 90.65 and 100.26 mg ml-1 for the four enzymes in the same order under treatment with A. visnaga leaf extract. The total phenols and total flavonoids in leaf extracts from the two Ammi species were determined and they were higher in A. majus than those of A. visnaga. This study suggests efficiency of Ammi leaf extracts in suppression of Fusarium oxysporum pathogenicity.

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