Efficacy of Alternaria alternata NMK1 Secondary Metabolites against some Seed-borne Fungi

Document Type : Regular issue (Original Article)

Authors

1 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.

2 Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt.

Abstract

AN AGRICULTURAL soil was used to isolate Alternaria alternata. It was molecularly identified and was given an accession number MN645469 at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and a strain identifier to be Alternaria alternata strain NMK1. Four fractions were collected from the acetic acid extract of its filtrate. Fraction no. 2 showed highest antioxidant activity (71 and 64%, at 200 and 150μg/mL) followed by the crude extract (60 % at 200μg/mL). Safety of using the extracted fractions was tested against the normal human amnion (WISH) cell line. Lowest cytotoxicity values were recorded for fraction no. 2 (19%) followed by the crude extract (28%) at 50μg/mL. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium griseofulvum exhibited highest relative density percentages (28.4, 30.8 and 24.3%) on their respective isolation seeds; wheat, broad bean and kidney bean. Interestingly, fraction no. 2 caused 100% inhibition of these isolated fungal species at 100μg/mL. The minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was estimated to be 50μg/mL against A. flavus and 40μg/mL for A. niger and P. griseofulvum. Generally, subjecting each of the tested isolates to fraction no. 2 led to damage in their DNA as shown by the comet assay. Gas chromatography- mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) profiling of fraction no. 2 showed 12 major compounds with diverse possible biological activities being antiinflammatory, insecticide, anticancer, antineoplastic antifungal, and antimicrobial.

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