Genetic Diversity of Egyptian Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) Landraces and their Genetic Relationships Based on Seed Storage Proteins and Isozymes

Document Type : Regular issue (Original Article)

Authors

1 Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

2 The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

THE CURRENT research was performed to study the genetic diversity of 19 cowpea landraces (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) from 7 localities in Egypt using seed storage protein and three isozymes (α-esterase, β-esterase, and peroxidase) gel electrophoresis. The results of the seed protein pattern of the studied landraces revealed a total number of 29 bands with molecular weights ranged from 7 to 265kD (one unique, 26 polymorphic, and 2 monomorphic bands) were detected. The unique band with a molecular weight of 205kD was detected in only one landrace. The number of bands in different 19 landraces ranged from 9-14 bands per landrace. The highest number of bands (14 bands) was detected in one landrace only (Sohag number 2) and the lowest number of bands (9 bands) was detected in 3 landraces (numbers 4,7 and 8 from Sohag, Luxor, and Dakahlia, respectively).
Banding patterns of three isozymes (α- esterase, β-esterase and peroxidase) in Egyptian cowpea landraces showed that seven loci were present in all studied landraces of cowpea, one locus of α-esterase, five loci of β-esterase and one locus peroxidase. The number of loci varied in different landraces and ranged from 2-6 loci for α-esterase isozyme, 5-7 loci of β -esterase isozyme and 1-5 loci for peroxidase. The α-esterase and peroxidase banding patterns showed higher polymorphism in cowpea landraces compared with β-esterase.
By using the combined protein and isozyme data, high variability among landraces was obtained and analyzed by the NTSYS-pc software program.

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