Prevalence of Inducible Clindamycin Resistance and Nanotechnological Control of Staphylococcus aureus<.i> Clinical Isolates

Document Type : Regular issue (Original Article)

Authors

1 Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

2 Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract

STAPHYLOCOCCUS aureus (S. aureus) is one of the pathogens that is proposed to cause various infections in humans. Clindamycin is therefore an important medication identified in treating these infections, especially those of the skin and soft tissue. Inducible clindamycin resistance (ICR) is a complication that however arises during the treatment of S. aureus infections in humans. Thus, it is difficult to detect S. aureus strains expressing ICR, using standard susceptibility test methods. Recently, an increasing need existed to find alternatives to antibiotics. Moreover, nanoparticles, especially silver nanoparticles, were previously reported as potential alternatives for traditional antibiotics (or in combination with traditional antibiotics) against the emergence of bacterial multidrug- resistance (MDR). Hence, this research studied the prevalence of ICR among S. aureus clinical isolates and investigated the antibacterial effects of AgNPs solely and combined with clindamycin against these isolates to evaluate the acute toxicity of intraperitoneally administrated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Of the one hundred S. aureus isolates under studied over a period of one year, 70 were identified as MRSA and 30 were MSSA. Results also revealed that the percentage of cMLSB, iMLSB, and MS phenotypes were 40%, 10%, and 9% respectively. Overall, 41% S. aureus isolates showed susceptibility to erythromycin. Additionally, both iMLSB and cMLSB phenotypes were the most predominated among MRSA isolates. Besides, AgNPs had strong antibacterial effects, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)(1μg/ml) as well, in addition to a partial synergistic activity with clindamycin toward S. aureus. Based on these observations, the intraperitoneal administration of AgNPs was established as moderately toxic. Therefore, it may be recommended to use AgNPs as a potential treatment for infections caused by S. aureus.

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